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21 JANUARY

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1790 Dr Joseph-Ignace Guillotin proposed the guillotine to the newly formed National Assembly of Paris as a humane method of execution.

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1793 King Louis XVI of France was executed (by guillotine).

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1907 taxi cabs were officially recognised in Britain.

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1911 the first Monte Carlo car rally began.

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1924 Lenin (Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov), Russian revolutionary, died at Gorki, Moscow, aged 53.

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1950 George Orwell (Eric Blair), essayist and novelist, died aged 46.

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1954 the first nuclear-powered submarine, the USS Nautilus, was launched.

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1976 Concorde made its inaugural commercial flight, from London to Bahrain in 3hr 37min.

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