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21 JANUARY

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1790 Dr Joseph-Ignace Guillotin proposed the guillotine to the newly formed National Assembly of Paris as a humane method of execution.

1793 King Louis XVI of France was executed (by guillotine).

1907 taxi cabs were officially recognised in Britain.

1911 the first Monte Carlo car rally began.

1924 Lenin (Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov), Russian revolutionary, died at Gorki, Moscow, aged 53.

1950 George Orwell (Eric Blair), essayist and novelist, died aged 46.

1954 the first nuclear-powered submarine, the USS Nautilus, was launched.

1976 Concorde made its inaugural commercial flight, from London to Bahrain in 3hr 37min.

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