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The mathematical programming formulation of the LTS method is

(2.42a)

subject to

(2.42b)

(2.42c)

(2.42d)

(2.42e)

(2.42f)

Again, parameter ν identifies the median and can be computed as [26]

(2.43)

Problem (2.42) minimizes the sum of all squared variables s_i. Note that the number of optimization variables for the proposed LTS formulation is larger than that of any of the previous formulations.