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Emerged smart UAVs, which are relatively inexpensive and can be flexibly dispatched to a large area under different weather conditions, both during day and night, without human involvement are the ideal devices to handle forest fire detection and firefighting missions. Specifically, with onboard image detection mechanism and mobile Internet connectivity, UAVs can provide real-time event reporting to the distant central management system. Further, in order to extend the sustainability of the image-based sensing mission, the system can distribute the computational image detection program to the proximal iFog hosted on cellular base stations and made accessible via standard communication technologies, such as Long-Term Evolution (LTE), SigFox, NB-IoT, etc. Hence, the UAVs can use their battery power only for flying and sensing tasks [16] (Figure 1.1).

Figure 1.1 Land-vehicular fog computing examples. (See color plate section for the color representation of this figure)