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In this section, we give an overview of communication technologies used by mobile things and mobile fog nodes in each of the major application domains. Unsurprisingly, in existing literature Wi-Fi technology is most prevalent, due to the ready availability of devices with 802.11 support: routers, smartphones, single board computers. Wi-fi is suitable for mFog thanks to the easy mobility of Wi-Fi AP technology. On the other hand, 4G technology, e.g. long-term evolution (LTE), which needs static base stations is the dominant option for iFog.

The fast movement of nodes among road network environment has obliged the existing protocol for the physical layer to consider multipath fading and Doppler frequency shifts. Therefore, the trend is to use very high-frequency radio waves, such as micro or millimeter waves.