Читать книгу Coastal Ecosystems in Transition - Группа авторов - Страница 2

1  Cover

2  Title Page

3  Copyright Page

4  LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

5  PREFACE

6  1 Introduction: Coastal Ecosystem Services at Risk 1.1. WHY COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS AND WHY THE NORTHERN ADRIATIC SEA AND CHESAPEAKE BAY? 1.2. THE 1999 COMPARISON REFERENCES

7  2 Recent Status and Long‐Term Trends in Freshwater Discharge and Nutrient Inputs 2.1. INTRODUCTION 2.2. OVERVIEW OF THE WATERSHED AND FRESHWATER INPUTS 2.3. NUTRIENT INPUTS 2.4. CONTROLS OF NUTRIENT EXPORT 2.5. MAJOR CHALLENGES 2.6. IMPLICATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES

8  3 Sea State: Recent Progress in the Context of Climate Change 3.1. INTRODUCTION 3.2. CHESAPEAKE BAY 3.3. NORTHERN ADRIATIC SEA 3.4. PARALLELS AND PROSPECTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES

9  4 Phytoplankton Dynamics in a Changing Environment 4.1. INTRODUCTION 4.2. STUDY SITES 4.3. HYDROGRAPHIC REGIMES AND NUTRIENTS 4.4. PHYTOPLANKTON BIOMASS 4.5. PHYTOPLANKTON COMMUNITY STRUCTURE 4.6. PHYTOPLANKTON PRIMARY PRODUCTION 4.7. SYNTHESIS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES

10  5 Eutrophication, Harmful Algae, Oxygen Depletion, and Acidification 5.1. INTRODUCTION 5.2. SUSCEPTIBILITY TO EUTROPHICATION 5.3. PHYTOPLANKTON BIOMASS, HARMFUL ALGAE, AND MUCILAGE EVENTS 5.4. OXYGEN DEPLETION 5.5. OLIGOTROPHICATION 5.6. ACIDIFICATION 5.7. FUTURE DIRECTIONS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES

11  6 Mesozooplankton and Gelatinous Zooplankton in the Face of Environmental Stressors 6.1. INTRODUCTION 6.2. OVERALL TAXONOMIC, SPATIAL, AND TEMPORAL PATTERNS 6.3. TROPHIC DYNAMICS 6.4. LONG‐TERM TRENDS 6.5. NONINDIGENOUS SPECIES 6.6. COMPARISON OF THE NORTHERN ADRIATIC SEA AND CHESAPEAKE BAY 6.7. THE IMPORTANCE OF MONITORING AND THE OUTLOOK FOR ZOOPLANKTON IN THE NAS AND THE CB ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES

12  7 Ecological Role of Microbes 7.1. INTRODUCTION 7.2. BACTERIA 7.3. JELLYFISH BLOOMS AND BACTERIA 7.4. SECULAR CHANGES AND TRENDS IN BACTERIAL ABUNDANCE AND PRODUCTIVITY 7.5. CONCLUSIONS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES

13  8 Advances in Our Understanding of Pelagic–Benthic Coupling 8.1. INTRODUCTION 8.2. LAND‐WATER FLUXES AND SEDIMENT COMPOSITION 8.3. SUSPENDED PARTICULATE ORGANIC MATTER 8.4. POM DEPOSITION TO SEDIMENTS 8.5. BENTHIC PRIMARY PRODUCTION AND INVERTEBRATES 8.6. BENTHIC RESPIRATION AND NUTRIENT REGENERATION 8.7. ANNUAL MASS BALANCES OF C_ORG, N, AND P 8.8. SYNTHESIS AND FURTHER DIRECTIONS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES

14  9 Status of Critical Habitats and Invasive Species 9.1. INTRODUCTION 9.2. CRITICAL HABITATS 9.3. PRESSURES 9.4. SUMMARY ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES

15  10 Status of Fish and Shellfish Stocks 10.1. INTRODUCTION 10.2. RECENT FISHERIES YIELDS AND TRENDS 10.3. FISHERIES RESOURCES 10.4. PREDATOR–PREY DYNAMICS 10.5. ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACTS: PROBLEMS AND CONCERNS 10.6. FISHERIES MANAGEMENT ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES

16  11 Ecosystem‐Based Management of Multiple Pressures: 11.1. SUMMARY 11.2. IMPACTS OF ANTHROPOGENIC PRESSURES ON ECOSYSTEM SERVICES 11.3. MANAGEMENT, MONITORING, AND MODELING REFERENCES

17  INDEX

18  End User License Agreement