Читать книгу Coastal Ecosystems in Transition - Группа авторов - Страница 4

1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 (Left) The mainstem Chesapeake Bay (CB), which runs 320 km from t...

2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 Time series of annual freshwater input to (a) Chesapeake Bay and ...Figure 2.2 Boxplots showing seasonal loads of (a) total nitrogen (TN), (b) n...Figure 2.3 Time series of annual loads of (a) total nitrogen (TN), (b) nitra...

3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 Bathymetry of the mainstem of Chesapeake Bay, its tributaries, an...Figure 3.2 Schematic response of an estuary to longitudinal wind‐stress forc...Figure 3.3 Flow response of Chesapeake Bay to Hurricane Isabel. Wind speed i...Figure 3.4 (a) Observed (solid line with a dot) and modeled (solid line) mon...Figure 3.5 (a) The difference between the present mean tidal range (MTR) and...Figure 3.6 Numerical results on the response of Chesapeake Bay to changes in...Figure 3.7 Adriatic basin topography (TS, Trieste; KP, Koper; VE, Venice; Go...Figure 3.8 (a) Bora and (b) sirocco surface circulations (arrows) from the R...Figure 3.9 Surface salinity averages from the ROMS reanalysis for the northe...Figure 3.10 Sea‐temperature transects along the open boundary of Figure 3.9....Figure 3.11 Number of 5‐day‐long marine warm water outbreaks (upward bars) a...

4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 Average monthly SeaWiFS satellite‐derived surface Chl‐a concentra...Figure 4.2 Long‐term CBP monitoring stations used in this analysis for water...Figure 4.3 Interannual variability of salinity and nutrients in the (left) s...Figure 4.4 Annual cycles of surface nutrients (NO₃ and PO₄), Chl‐a, and sali...Figure 4.5 Average downbay distributions of surface salinity, total suspende...Figure 4.6 Average annual cycles of (left) surface and (right) bottom salini...Figure 4.7 Relationships between average annual Susquehanna River discharge ...Figure 4.8 (Top) Interannual and (bottom) monthly variability of Chl‐a in th...Figure 4.9 Interannual variability of Chl‐a depth profiles in the Gulf of Tr...Figure 4.10 Average annual cycles of surface Chl‐a by salinity zone in CB (s...Figure 4.11 (a) Average downbay distributions of surface Chl‐a in CB, based ...Figure 4.12 Relationships between average annual Susquehanna River discharge...Figure 4.13 Seasonal patterns of abundance represented by monthly geometric ...Figure 4.14 Annual pattern of monthly mean phytoplankton abundance in the NA...Figure 4.15 Locally estimated scatterplot smoothing time‐series trends for PFigure 4.16 Change over time in the seasonal timing (phenologies) of maximum...Figure 4.17 Linear relationship between the NAO and the month of minimum Chl...Figure 4.18 Primary production and biomass (as Chl‐a) from a shallow station...Figure 4.19 The seasonal cycle of depth‐integrated primary production (mg C ...Figure 4.20 (a) Average downbay distribution of ¹⁴C‐based light‐saturated pr...Figure 4.21 (a–c) Average annual cycles of ¹⁴C‐based light‐saturated product...Figure 4.22 Cross‐system regressions of (a) mean annual surface Chl‐a and (b...

5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Mean annual concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) and NO_x (dissol...Figure 5.2 Po River daily (grey line) and annual average (triangles) dischar...Figure 5.3 Average annual cycles of (a) surface, (b) water‐column average, a...Figure 5.4 Annual cycles of surface chlorophyll‐a (Chl‐a) at two Chesapeake ...Figure 5.5 Decadal changes in mean (±95% CI) surface chlorophyll‐a (Chl‐a) c...Figure 5.6 Box plots showing median, interquartile range, and total range of...Figure 5.7 Interannual occurrence and duration in mucilaginous macroaggregat...Figure 5.8 Average annual cycles of bottom dissolved oxygen concentration by...Figure 5.9 Vertical cross‐sections of dissolved oxygen concentration along t...Figure 5.10 Time series of July hypoxic (O₂ < 2 mg L⁻¹) volume in Ches...Figure 5.11 Dissolved oxygen in bottom waters of the Gulf of Trieste (sampli...Figure 5.12 Dissolved oxygen in bottom waters of the northern Adriatic Sea (...Figure 5.13 Frequency of days with hypoxia (%) in coastal waters of Emilia‐R...Figure 5.14 Time series of nutrient loads, surface chlorophyll‐a (Chl‐a), di...Figure 5.15 Time series as in Figure 5.14, but for three additional regions ...Figure 5.16 Long‐term changes in surface water pH (a–c) and temperature (d–f...Figure 5.17 Total alkalinity (TA) versus salinity in surface waters of the n...Figure 5.18 Nomogram of total alkalinity (TA) versus dissolved inorganic car...

6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 Means and standard deviations (top panel, annual means; bottom pa...Figure 6.2 Mean abundance (individuals m⁻³) of mesozooplankton at five...Figure 6.3 Stable nitrogen (N) composition of bulk net mesozooplankton and s...Figure 6.4 Annual anomalies of near‐surface seawater temperature (bars; modi...

7 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 (Left) Key study sites in the northern Adriatic Sea: Triangles, s...

8 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 Pelite (clay and silt) and organic carbon content in the surface ...Figure 8.2 Chlorophyll‐a and particulate organic carbon concentrations along...Figure 8.3 Temporal variations in particulate organic carbon concentration n...Figure 8.4 Seasonal cycle of vertically integrated gross primary production ...Figure 8.5 (Left) Seasonal variations in mean sedimentation rates of particu...Figure 8.6 (Top and middle) Time series of annual averages for observed (bla...Figure 8.7 (a) Average biomass (ash‐free dry weight (AFDW) g m⁻²; gran...Figure 8.8 Seasonal patterns of sediment oxygen consumption; benthic fluxes ...Figure 8.9 Countour maps of seasonal diffusive fluxes of ammonium and phosph...Figure 8.10 Seasonal patterns of benthic fluxes of dissolved inorganic carbo...Figure 8.11 Temporal variations of solute concentrations in the sediment ove...Figure 8.12 Annual mean (± SD) cycles of sediment–water (a) ammonium, (b) ni...Figure 8.13 Spatial variation in sediment–water fluxes of ammonium and phosp...Figure 8.14 Relationship between dissolved oxygen concentrations in overlyin...Figure 8.15 Relationships between total organic matter (OM) inputs (i.e., au...

9 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 Seagrass abundance in Chesapeake Bay, 1978–2017: nd and id indica...Figure 9.2 Map of Chesapeake Bay showing the distribution of seagrass meadow...

10 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 Total and national catch from FAO Area 37.2.1 (GFCM, 2018): (lef...Figure 10.2 Total commercial harvest of finfish and shellfish in Chesapeake ...Figure 10.3 Yearly catch in FAO Area 37.2.1 Adriatic Sea of anchovy Engrauli...Figure 10.4 Commercial catch of Atlantic menhaden and other pelagic finfish ...Figure 10.5 Yearly catch in FAO Area 37.2.1 Adriatic Sea of European hake Me...Figure 10.6 Yearly catch of miscellaneous coastal fish in FAO Area 37.2.1 Ad...Figure 10.7 Yearly catch of sharks, rays and chimaeras in FAO Area 37.2.1 Ad...Figure 10.8 Trends in commercial catch for three main demersal finfish in Ch...Figure 10.9 Yearly catch of river eel in FAO Area 37.2.1 Adriatic Sea (GFCM,...Figure 10.10 Trends in commercial catch of anadromous (striped bass, white p...Figure 10.11 Yearly catch of striped Venus clam Chamelea gallina in FAO Area...Figure 10.12 Yearly catch of squid Illex coindetii and octopus Octopus vulga...Figure 10.13 Yearly catch (metric tons) of Norway lobster Nephrops norvegicu...Figure 10.14 Commercial catch of crustaceans and mollusks (upper panel) and ...Figure 10.15 Phase diagram of pelagic and benthic fisheries harvest in Chesa...Figure 10.16 Time series of pelagic/benthic (P/B) fisheries catch biomass ra...