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Use of the AFAST AFS System in Nonhemorrhagic Effusions

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Patients may become hypovolemic from nonhemorrhagic cavitary effusions and effusions within the retroperitoneal space. Analogous to the hypovolemic bleeding patient, nonhemorrhagic effusions are similarly categorized using the AFS system as “small‐volume effusion” (AFS 1 and 2 or with the modified AFS system <3) versus “large‐volume effusion” (AFS 3 and 4 or with the modified AFS system ≥3). The use of Global FAST helps detect effusions in these three major reservoir cavities and spaces that often are overlooked until effusions are advanced without ultrasound, radiography, and CT. The other two areas surveyed are the smaller reservoirs of the pericardial sac and lung (B‐lines). Smaller in that generally a patient cannot tolerate large volumes of pericardial effusion (heart fails) or many B‐lines representing alveolar‐interstitial edema (lungs fail). Global FAST should be routinely used in all volume‐depleted patients, as is advocated in human medicine (RUSH exam) (Perera et al. 2010), and discussed in more detail in Chapters 36 and 37.

Point-of-Care Ultrasound Techniques for the Small Animal Practitioner

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