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For an ultrasound image to have meaning, it must have adequate detail. The best rule of thumb is that the image should simply look “nice.” This idea may be a little different from one person to another but they should all be relatively similar. Always keep in mind the angle of insonation. The ideal angle of ultrasound reflection for generating the best image is 90° on the surface of the organ of interest (see Figure 4.5). In fact, this is why linear probes, while not used by most small animal practitioners, provide superior detail when compared to curvilinear probes, which are more commonly used among small animal practitioners.

Although there are numerous buttons and knobs on the ultrasound machine that can be used to improve, or worsen, the image, the “Big 4” are depth, gain, frequency, and focus position and number. See also Chapter 5 for additional examples.

Pearl: Know the “Big 4” knobs: depth, gain, frequency, and focus position and number.