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Virtual reality is one of the technologies that is implemented today and that will continue to be implemented in the coming years in professional contexts. In this chapter, we have enlightened the reader on what virtual reality is and on the devices that virtual reality systems mobilize. We have also summarized its main applications, in general and more specifically in industry.

Most of the studies on the use of this technology, including the majority of those mentioned above, adopt technocentric approaches (or a Technology Driver approach, i.e. developing products that then seek to gain acceptance; Davies and Buisine 2017). Studies that adopt this approach describe only the technical characteristics of a virtual reality system or virtual environment, as well as their main objectives (training operators to identify risks, conducting studies on the interaction of a customer with a product, etc.). However, perhaps because the implementation of this type of technology in professional contexts is not democratized, or because they are only exceptionally integrated into employees’ activities, few studies have been carried out on their impact on work. However, their development raises questions about their suitability for users (usefulness, usability, acceptance), the changes they may bring about in the content of activities, as well as the health and well-being of employees. For these reasons, a user and activity-centered (anthropocentric) approach must be deployed to co-construct acceptable modalities for the deployment and adoption of these new immersive work environments.