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A composite material consists of fiber and matrix material. A great estimation of the respective parts of these two components is highly necessary to estimate the composite behavior. The primary functions of the two components in a composite are:

1 a) The fibers in composite carries ~90% load.

2 b) They provide thermal stability, strength and stiffness in the composites.

3 c) Fibers are also responsible for the insulation and electrical conductivity in the composite.

4 d) The matrix material provides rigidity and shape to the composite materials by binding the fibers together and simultaneously transfers the load to the fibers.

5 e) The matrix acts as crack inhibitor by isolating the individual fibers.

6 f) The matrix is responsible for good surface finish.

7 g) The matrix protects reinforcing fibers against mechanical damage and chemical attack.

8 h) The failure of composite material directly depends upon the compatibility between the matrix material and the reinforcing fiber.

9 i) The matrix materials greatly influence the composite properties such as ductility, impact strength etc.

Figure 2.1 (a) Formation of a composite material using fibers and resin and (b) Continuous fiber and short fiber composites.