Читать книгу The SAGE Encyclopedia of Stem Cell Research - Группа авторов - Страница 180

Bone tumors are diverse in their gross and microscopic features and vary in their natural history. Benign lesions greatly outnumber their malignant counterparts and occur mainly within the first three decades of life, whereas in the elderly, a bone tumor is more likely to be malignant. There is production of bone by neoplastic cells and the tumor bone is usually deposited as woven trabeculae and is mineralized. Bone tumors affect all ages and arise in virtually every bone, but most develop in the first several decades of life. Tumors have affinity to develop in the long bones of the extremities.

However, specific types of tumors target certain bones and age groups. The specific cause of bone tumors is unknown. However, genetic abnormalities play a significant role. For example, sarcomas occur in patients with hereditary retinoblastoma cancer, which linked to mutations in the genes coding for p53 and RB. Other bone neoplasms are also associated with conditions such as Paget’s disease, radiation, and metal prostheses. However, these types of neoplasms account for only a small number of tumors. Clinically, benign lesions are commonly asymptomatic and are detected through accidental findings. Other tumors present as pain or are noticed as a slow growing mass. More commonly, the tumor is detected by a sudden fracture. Radiological findings along with biopsy and histological studies are gold standard for diagnosis.