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 Inclusion criteria:Common mental health difficulty such as depression and/or anxietyDifficulty of mild-moderate (Step 2) to moderate-severe (Step 3) level of severity as determined by standardised, routine outcome measures (ROMs).

 Exclusion criteria:Failing to meet at least mild severity on ROMsHigh level of risk – likelihood of harm to self or othersSevere, complex and enduring mental health problems (e.g. very severe depression, bipolar, psychosis or personality disorder). These will be considered for stepping up to Step 4 secondary care mental health services unless specific IAPT-SMI pathways are in place (Johns et al., 2019).

Following assessment (Chapter 2), the majority of people deemed suitable for IAPT services (Steps 2 and 3) are likely to enter LICBT treatment (Step 2). In some cases, immediate allocation to Step 3 will be indicated; namely by the evidence base, the LICBT practitioner's knowledge of the patient's provisional diagnosis and the availability of treatments at Steps 2 and 3 as outlined in clinical guidelines (see Chapter 3).