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Minority Stress Models

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A prominent framework for understanding how minority families (in the United States) experience stress is the mundane extreme environmental stress theory (MEES; Peters & Massey, 1983). This theory used mundane in the sense that bigotry and discrimination was so common and ubiquitous, that it become mundane in the daily lives of minority groups, but also created an extreme environment for families embedded in such a context (Carroll, 1998). To be sure, the previously cited studies focused specifically on African American families, and how existing in such a mundane extreme environment deteriorates the health and well-being of these families. McNeil Smith and Landor (2018) expanded on this framework, via the sociocultural family stress model. This model included an intersectional approach, which allows broader application to many structures of families and the many processes within them.

Families & Change

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