Читать книгу An Illustrated Guide to Oral Histology - Группа авторов - Страница 36

Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) refers to a group of inherited genetic alterations that result in a defective enamel structure. AI is usually not associated with any syndrome or systemic disease. The teeth could appear yellow, brown, or sometimes grey. Several classifications have been suggested in the literature with the most commonly used one dividing AI into hypoplastic, hypomatured, and hypocalcified types. The hypoplastic type has insufficient amount of enamel matrix, the hypomature type has defective maturation of enamel whereas the hypocalcified type shows insufficient calcification of enamel. The genetic abnormalities in AI usually affect amelogenin (AMELX), enamelin (ENAM), kallikrein (KLK4), and matrix metalloproteinase 20 (MMP‐20) genes. AI poses a significant clinical problem affecting the oral hygiene, masticatory function, and quality of life of the patient.