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Precursor for synthesizing CNF can be several types of hydrocarbons such as natural oils like mustard oil, pure fatty acids (liquid or solid), camphor, terpene oil, acetylene, ethylene, methane, natural gas, benzene, etc. Introduction of carbon monoxide (CO) into the gas flow can increase the carbon yield, hence yields a greater amount of CNF. It is also possible to use plant seed materials like mustard seed, stem of any plant, plant leaves, bamboo, rice straw, bagasse, etc. It is also possible to use some gasses directly like methane, acetylene, etc. When using solid materials like plant leaves, there is no need to use the furnace (Figure 1.8A1). These precursors can be kept directly in the boat (Figure 1.8B2) along with any catalyst (if needed). If gases like methane are to be used as a precursor then there is also no need to use the furnace (Figure 1.8A1). Gas from the cylinder (Figure 1.8K) can be sent to the furnace (Figure 1.8A2) where suitable catalyst is kept in the boat. The precursor gas can either be directly fed into the unit or is mixed with carrier gas in the required proportion.