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Variable parameters of pyrolysis under the CVD units are: precursor (oil, solid materials like plant materials, camphor, etc.), temperature (Figure 1.8A1 and A2), type and size of catalyst (usually nickel, iron and cobalt), carrier gas (argon, nitrogen, etc.), reactive gas (hydrogen), and duration of pyrolysis. Due to the large number of variables, it becomes very time-consuming to reach a suitable condition to obtain the desired type of CNF.

It is advisable that one should adopt the Taguchi method, which can provide information of effective variables to produce the required type of CNF [1–3]. For example, with 4 variables (requires 24 experiments) one needs to carry out only 9 sets of experiments; whereas, with 6 variables (requires 720 experiments) one needs to carry out only 16 sets of experiments.