Читать книгу Equine Reproductive Procedures - Группа авторов - Страница 2

1  Cover

2  Title Page

3  Copyright Page

4  List of Contributors

5  Preface

6  Part I: Non-Pregnant Mare 1 Reproductive Evaluation Introduction Examination Technique Other Tests Additional Comments Further Reading 2 Teasing Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 3 Tail Wrap and Preparation/Washing of the Perineum Introduction Placement of a Tail Wrap Washing Perineum Technique Interpretation 4 Placement of a Tail Rope Introduction Technique for Tying a Tail Rope Technique for Using an Elastic Cord to Tie the Mare’s Tail to the Stocks Further Reading 5 Perineal Conformation Evaluation Introduction Technique Interpretation Reference Further Reading 6 Removal of a Persistent Hymen Introduction Technique Interpretation 7 Palpation of the Reproductive Tract Introduction Palpation Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 8 Ultrasound Evaluation Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 9 Prediction of Ovulation Introduction Technique Further Reading 10 Speculum Examination of the Vagina Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 11 Digital Examination of the Vagina/Cervix Introduction Stage of Cycle Technique Interpretation and Additional Comments Further Reading 12 Uterine Culture Collection: Swab/Brush Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 13 Antimicrobiotic Sensitivity Testing Introduction Technique Further Reading 14 Microbiology: Microbial Culture Introduction Technique Further Reading 15 Microbiology: Gram Stain Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 16 qPCR Assay for the Diagnosis of Infectious Endometritis Introduction Sample Collection Technique qPCR and DNA Sequencing: The Basics Interpretation of qPCR Data Additional Comments Further Reading 17 Uterine Cytology Collection: Swab/Brush Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 18 Uterine Culture/Cytology: Low Volume Lavage Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 19 Endometrial Biopsy Introduction Technique Reference Further Reading 20 Hysteroscopic Examination of the Uterus Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 21 Endometrial Cyst Removal Introduction Techniques Interpretation Further Reading 22 Chromosomal Analysis Introduction Chromosomal Analysis Techniques Other Procedures References Further Reading 23 Endocrinological Examination Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 24 Laparoscopic Examination of the Female Reproductive Track with Ovarian Biopsy Introduction Technique Further Reading 25 Evaluation of the Mammary Gland Introduction Techinque Further Reading 26 Antisperm Antibody Testing Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 27 Starch Granule Test for the Evaluation of Oviductal Patency Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 28 Fluorescent Microspheres Test for Evaluation of Oviductal Patency Introduction Transvaginal Ultrasound Technique Laparoscope Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 29 Oviductal Flush Procedure for the Evaluation of Oviductal Patency Introduction Retrograde Oviductal Flush (Laparotomy Approach) Technique Normograde Oviductal Flush (Laparotomy Approach) Technique Normograde Oviductal Flush (Laparoscopic Approach) Technique Additional Comments References Further Reading 30 Prostaglandin E₂ Treatment for Blocked Oviducts Introduction Technique Additional Comments References Further Reading 31 Prostaglandin E₁ Treatment for Blocked Oviducts Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 32 Hysteroscopic Hydrotubation of the Oviducts Introduction Technique Further Reading 33 Transvaginal Ovarian Biopsy Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 34 Uterine Lavage Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 35 Uterine Infusion Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 36 Therapeutics for Infectious Endometritis Introduction Acute Bacterial Endometritis Intrauterine Antibiotic Therapy Systemic Antibiotic Therapy Follow‐Up Examination Additional Therapy References 37 Bacterial Biofilm and Endometritis Introduction Equine Biofilms Diagnostic Tests Treatment Options for Biofilms Further Reading 38 Latent Uterine Bacterial Infections Introduction Technique Interpretation of Findings and Selection of Antibiotics Disclosure References 39 Acupuncture in Mare Reproduction Introduction Restraint and Tranquilization Pre‐ and Post‐Breeding Uterine Fluid Technique Urine Poolers Pregnancy Maintenance Additional Comments References Further Reading 40 Restraint for Breeding Introduction Technique Interpretation 41 Natural Service: Pasture Breeding Introduction Pasture Breeding Programs Further Reading 42 Natural Service: In‐hand Breeding Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 43 Breeding Stitches Introduction Techniques Additional Comments Further Reading 44 Reinforcement Breeding Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 45 Breeding with Fresh or Cooled Semen Introduction Pre‐Insemination Technique Insemination Technique Interpretation Further Reading 46 Insemination Through a Vaginal Speculum Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 47 Breeding with Frozen Semen Introduction Administration of an Ovulation Induction Agent Management Strategy with One Dose of Semen Available per Cycle Management Strategy with Two Doses of Semen Available per Cycle Breeding Technique Interpretation Further Reading 48 Deep Horn Insemination Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 49 Hysteroscopic (Low Dose) Insemination Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 50 Transvaginal Oocyte Pickup Introduction Technique Interpretation and Additional Comments Further Reading 51 Packaging and transport of oocytes Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 52 Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Introduction Technique Interpretation and Additional Comments Further Reading 53 Caslick Operation or Vulvoplasty Introduction Initial Stage of Technique Temporary Staple Technique Permanent Suture Technique Further Reading 54 Contagious Equine Metritis Testing Introduction Mare Diagnosis Mare Treatment Stallion Diagnosis Stallion Treatment Further Reading 55 Management of Seasonal Anestrus: Artificial Photoperiod Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 56 Management of Seasonal Anestrus: Hormone Therapy Introduction Technique Further Reading 57 Hormone Therapy in Cycling Mares Introduction Gonadotropin‐Releasing Hormone and GnRH Agonists Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Progesterone and Progestins Estrogens Prostaglandins Oxytocin Dopamine Antagonists (Domperidone and Sulpiride) Further Reading 58 Estrus Suppression Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 59 Intrauterine Devices for Estrus Suppression Introduction General Preparation Technique for Intrauterine Ball Placement Technique for iUPOD^TM Placement Interpretation References Further Reading 60 Immunocontraception Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 61 Harvesting and Shipping Ovaries for Oocyte Recovery Introduction Technique Further Reading

7  Part II: Pregnant Mare 62 Embryo Collection Introduction Flush Procedure Embryo Search “Extra Flush” Procedure Washing the Embryo Interpretation Futher Reading 63 Embryo Evaluation Introduction Developmental Stages Embryo Grading Determination of Embryo Size Further Reading 64 Embryo Biopsy Introduction Technique Further Reading 65 Embryo Packaging for Cooled Transport Introduction Technique for Packaging Embryos for Cooled Transport Technique for Receiving and Handling a Shipped Embryo Additional Comments Further Reading 66 Embryo Cryopreservation Introduction Initial Preparation Steps Vitrification Technique Warming (Thawing) and Transfer Technique Additional Comments Reference Further Reading 67 Non‐Surgical Embryo Transfer Introduction Transfer Technique Management of the Recipient Mare After Transfer Additional Comments Further Reading 68 Autogenous Transfer of ICSI‐Derived Embryos Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 69 Palpation per Rectum of the Pregnant Reproductive Tract Introduction Technique Interpretation Additional Comments Further Reading 70 Ultrasound Examination of the Pregnant Reproductive Tract Introduction Technique Interpretation and Additional Comments Further Reading 71 Speculum Examination of the Pregnant Mare Introduction Technique Interpretation Additional Comments: Potential Risks Further Reading 72 Determination of Fetal Sex at 55–200 days Introduction Technique: 55–90 Days of Gestation Technique: 90–150 Days of Gestation Technique: After 150 Days of Gestation Interpretation Reference Further Reading 73 Assessment of Late‐Term Fetal Well‐Being Introduction Technique Interpretation Reference Further Reading 74 Combined Thickness of the Uterus and Placenta Introduction Technique Interpretation and Additional Comments Reference Further Reading 75 Placentitis: Diagnosis and Treatment Introduction Diagnosis Interpretation Therapy for Placentitis References Further Reading 76 Doppler Ultrasonography Introduction Technique for Assessing a Pregnant Mare and Fetus Technique for Assessing a Stallion Technique for Assessing Ovaries Further Reading 77 Prediction of Fetal Age Introduction Palpation Characteristics of the pregnant uterus Embryo Characteristics References Further Reading 78 Twin Reduction: Manual Technique Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 79 Twin Reduction: Transvaginal Aspiration Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 80 Twin Reduction: Cranio‐Cervical Dislocation Introduction Technique Interpretation Advantages of CCD Disadvantages of CCD Further Reading 81 Twin Reduction: Thoracic Compression Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 82 Twin Reduction: Transabdominal Fetal Cardiac Puncture Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 83 Elective Termination of Pregnancy Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 84 Abortion Diagnostic Evaluation: Sample Collection in the Field and Submission Introduction Technique Submission Protocols Samples for Submission Further Reading 85 Endocrine Evaluation of Pregnancy Introduction Hormonal Tests for Pregnancy Additional Comments Reference Further Reading 86 Treatment of Vaginal Varicosities Introduction Technique for Endoscopic Examination Technique for Laser Photocoagulation of Varicosities Using an Nd:YAG Laser Interpretation Reference Further Reading 87 Manual Correction of Uterine Torsion Introduction Technique for Manual Rotation of the Uterus Through the Cervix Technique for Rolling (“Plank in the Flank”) Interpretation Further Reading 88 Preparation for Foaling Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 89 Assessment of Mammary Gland Secretions to Predict Foaling Introduction Technique Further Reading 90 Assessment of pH of Mammary Gland Secretions to Predict Foaling Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 91 Monitoring of Peri‐Parturient Mares Using Video and Web Cameras Introduction Wired Camera Systems Wireless Camera Systems Internet/Web‐Based Camera Systems Interpretation 92 Foaling Alert: Vulvar Device Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 93 Positional Labor Alert Devices Introduction Halter Devices Halter Device Technique Girth Device Technique Biometric Technique Interpretation Further Reading 94 Induction of Parturition Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 95 Normal Foaling Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 96 Premature Separation of the Placenta Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 97 Dystocia Management Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 98 Dystocia Correction Introduction Technique Further Reading 99 Fetotomy Introduction Fetotomy Instruments Technique Specific Fetotomy Cuts Additional Comments Further Reading 100 Epidural Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 101 Induction of Lactation to Create a Nurse Mare Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 102 Screening to Prevent Neonatal Isoerythrolysis Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading

8  Part III: Postpartum Mare 103 Evaluation of Colostrum Specific Gravity Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 104 Evaluation of Colostrum Quality: Brix Refractometry Introduction Technique Interpretation and Additional Comments Further Reading 105 Colostrum Banking Introduction Technique Interpretation and Additional Comments Further Reading 106 Obtaining Milk from the Mare Introduction Hand Milking Technique Milk Pump Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 107 Placental Evaluation Introduction Technique Interpretation and Additional Comments Further Reading 108 Removal of Retained Placenta Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 109 Abdominocentesis Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 110 Uterine Prolapse Treatment Introduction Immediate Prolapse Treatment Technique for Replacing a Uterine Prolapse Interpretation Further Reading 111 Buhner Needle Placement of a Perivulvar Suture Introduction Technique Interpretation

9  Part IV: Stallion 112 Breeding Soundness Evaluation Introduction Examination Technique Interpretation and Additional Comments 113 Training the Stallion to Use a Phantom Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 114 Missouri Artificial Vagina Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 115 Colorado Model Artificial Vagina Introduction Technique for Assembly of the Colorado Model Artificial Vagina Additional Comments Further Reading 116 Roanoke Artificial Vagina Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 117 Hannover Artificial Vagina Introduction Technique Additional Comments References 118 Teaser Stallions Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 119 Standing Semen Collection Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 120 Collection of Semen Using an Open‐Ended Artificial Vagina Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 121 Chemical Ejaculation Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 122 Preparation of a Jump Mare or a Mare for Natural Cover Introduction Technique Additional Comments 123 Washing the Penis Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 124 Evaluation of Sexual Behavior Introduction Evaluation of Sexual Behavior Further Reading 125 Enhancement of Sexual Interest and Response Introduction General Health and Fitness Housing and Breeding Environment Handling for Breeding Stimulus Mare Endocrine Strategies for Boosting Stallion Sexual Interest and Arousal Psychotropics/Anxiolytics Further Reading 126 Management of Ejaculation Difficulty Introduction Handling for Breeding Techniques for Enhancing Ejaculation Pharmacological Aids Ground Semen Collection Additional Comments Further Reading 127 Calibrated Spectrophotometer Evaluation of Sperm Concentration Introduction Technique Using a Cuvette Technique Using a Microcuvette Technique Using a Chip Interpretation Further Reading 128 Hemocytometer Evaluation of Sperm Concentration Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 129 NucleoCounter^® Evaluation of Sperm Concentration and Viability Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 130 Visual Evaluation of Sperm Motility Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 131 Computer‐Assisted Sperm Analysis Technique Interpretation Motility Estimation Method 1 Additional Comments Further Reading 132 Eosin‐Nigrosin Staining in the Evaluation of Sperm Introduction Semen Staining Technique Semen Smearing Technique Interpretation Further Reading 133 Evaluation of Sperm Morphology Introduction Technique Classification of Sperm Abnormalities Abnormal Sperm Morphology Interpretation Additional Comments Further Reading 134 Determination of Daily Sperm Output Introduction Technique Additional Comments Reference Further Reading 135 Measurement of Testicular Size and Estimation of Daily Sperm Output Introduction Technique Interpretation Reference Further Reading 136 Wet Mount Evaluation of Sperm Introduction Preparation of a Wet Mount Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy Phase‐Contrast Microscopy Interpretation Further Reading 137 Diff‐Quik^® Evaluation of Round Cells and Sperm Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 138 Electron Microscopy of Constituents of Seminal Ejaculates Introduction Technique Additional Comments References 139 Bacterial Culture Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 140 Evaluation of pH and Osmolarity of Semen Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 141 Alkaline Phosphatase: A Marker for Ejaculation Introduction Technique Interpretation Reference Further Reading 142 Diagnosis and Management of Urospermia Introduction Testing for Urospermia Technique for the Management of Urospermia Interpretation Further Reading 143 Hemospermia Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 144 Semen Extenders and Sperm Media Semen Extenders Sperm Media References Further Reading 145 Preparation of Semen for Cooled Transport Introduction Technique Interpretation Semen Extension Worksheet Further Reading 146 Packing Semen for Cooled Transport Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 147 Longevity Testing of Sperm Introduction Technique Further Reading 148 Calculation of g Force for Centrifuging Semen Introduction Technique Reference 149 Centrifugation of Semen: Standard Technique Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 150 Centrifugation of Semen: Cushion Technique Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 151 Centrifugation of Semen: Selection of Motile Sperm Using a Single Layer Colloid Technique Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 152 Use of a SpermFilter Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 153 Semen Freezing Introduction Technique for Freezing Straws of Extended Semen Additional Comments Further Reading 154 Refreezing Semen Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 155 Thawing Frozen Semen Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 156 Semen Processing for Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Introduction Sperm Processing Techniques Final Sperm Preparation Additional Comments References 157 Preparing a Vapor Shipper Introduction Disinfection Technique Filling Technique Interpretation Further Reading 158 Loading a Vapor Shipper Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 159 Maintaining a Long‐Term Frozen Semen Storage Tank Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 160 International Transport of Frozen Semen Introduction Qualification as an Approved Semen Collection Center Health Testing Requirements for Horses at the Collection Center Semen Processing Requirements Export Documentation EU Approved Semen Collection Centers vs Semen Storage Centers Additional Comments 161 Harvesting and Shipping Testes Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 162 Epididymal Sperm Recovery Introduction Technique Alternative Seminal Plasma Processing Interpretation Further Reading 163 Endoscopic Examination of the Urethra Introduction Technique Interpretation Additional Comments Further Reading 164 Endoscopic‐Guided Cannulation of the Seminal Vesicles Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 165 Palpation and Ultrasonography of the Testis, Epididymis, and Spermatic Cord Introduction Safety and Restraint Technique Interpretation Additional Comments Reference Further Reading 166 Palpation and Ultrasonography of the Accessory Sex Glands Introduction Anatomy Safety and Restraint Technique Interpretation Pathology of the Accessory Sex Glands Additional Comments References Further Reading 167 Radiographic Examination of the Penis Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 168 Testicular Biopsy and Aspiration Introduction Technique for an Incisional (Wedge) Biopsy Technique for a Split Needle Biopsy Technique for Fine Needle Aspiration Interpretation Reference Further Reading 169 Assessment of Sperm Plasma Membrane Integrity and Viability: Propidium Iodide/SYBR‐14 Introduction Stock Solutions Technique Interpretation Further Reading 170 Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 171 Hypo‐Osmotic Swelling Test Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 172 Assessment of Sperm Acrosomal Status: PE‐PNA Introduction Stock Solutions Technique Interpretation Further Reading 173 Assessment of Sperm Mitochondrial Function: JC‐1 and Rhodamine 123 Introduction Stock Solutions Technique Interpretation Further Reading 174 Equine Viral Arteritis Testing Introduction Technique Treatment Outcome and Prognosis Prevention Client Education References Further Reading 175 Diagnostic Endocrinology: Baseline Hormone Levels Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 176 Diagnostic Endocrinology: GnRH Stimulation Tests Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 177 Diagnostic Endocrinology: hCG Stimulation Test Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 178 Diagnostic Endocrinology: Estrogen Conjugate Assay Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 179 Diagnostic Tests for Cryptorchidism Introduction Technique Further Reading 180 Probang Apparatus Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 181 Support Apparatus for Paraphimosis Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 182 Equine Castration Techniques Introduction Technique Interpretation Additional Comments Further Reading 183 Stallion Acupuncture Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading

10  Part V: Newborn Foal 184 Birth Resuscitation Introduction Birth Resuscitation Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 185 Handling and Restraint Introduction Technique Imprint Training Additional Comments Further Reading 186 Madigan Foal Squeeze Technique Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 187 Evaluation of Passive Transfer Introduction Technique Interpretation and Additional Comments Further Reading 188 Colostral Administration via Naso‐Gastric Intubation Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 189 Sedation Introduction Restraint and Sedation Additional Comments Further Reading 190 Intravenous Catheter Placement Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 191 Plasma Therapy in the Foal Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 192 Acupuncture in the Neonate Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 193 Routine Care Introduction “A‐B‐C Guidelines” Rupture of the Umbilical Cord and Umbilical Care Nursing and Ingestion of Colostrum Passage of Meconium and Meconium Impaction “1–2–3 Rule” Antibiotics Plasma Therapy Testing for Passive Transfer of Antibodies Additional Comments Further Reading 194 Foal Rejection Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 195 Fostering a Foal onto a Nurse Mare Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 196 Entropion Introduction Penicillin Bleb Technique Suture Technique Interpretation Further Reading 197 Umbilical Ultrasound Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 198 Management of Soft Tissue Laxity Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 199 Management of Angular Limb Deformities Introduction Technique Further Reading 200 Management of Congenital Flexural Limb Deformities Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading

11  Part VI: Appendices Appendix A: Society for Theriogenology Stallion Reproductive Evaluation Form Appendix B: Mare Breeding Soundness Evaluation Form Appendix C: Formulary for Equine Reproduction Hormones Intrauterine Therapy Uterine Lavage and Infusion Systemic Antibiotics Systemic Antifungal Agents Miscellaneous Medications Appendix D: Foaling Kit and Associated Equipment and Supplies

12  Index

13  End User License Agreement