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Human eyes are located in the depressions of the skull and are controlled by three pairs of muscles, called oculomotor or oculomotor muscles (Figure 1.2.1). Eye movements allow us to keep images of moving objects on the retina, to monitor objects without turning our heads. The central fossa, the macula and the peripheral part of the retina are involved in the process of vision, so our eye is a wide-angle optical system [Shiffman, 2008], [Kassan, 2011]. The field of view of one eye is downwards 70°, upwards 60°, to nose 60° and to temple 90° when observed with fixed eyes, and the sharpness of the image is provided only by the area of yellow spot within 6° – 8°.

The eyes of animals of many species are unable to move autonomously. For example, the eyes of a night owl are so large for her small skull that they almost touch each other. Because of this, the owl’s eyes are motionless, and in order to receive visual information, she has to turn her head.