Читать книгу Recognition and Perception of Images - Группа авторов - Страница 44

From medical practice it is known that a person born blind, after an operation to restore vision in adulthood, faces many problems due to the lack of spatial impressions about the outside world. The mature people were unable to distinguish even simple objects or forms [Gregory, 1970]. After a long workout, they learned to recognize the simplest of the visible objects. But many have not been able to learn this, so they returned to the previous life of a blind person. This process was accompanied by strong emotional experiences. However, active and intellectually developed people, on the contrary, after the epiphany, were fairly well adapted.

Most patients had some repetitive processes:

 – at first they see an objectively unorganized visual world, since there are a lot of unknown objects;

 – they highlight the shape and background;

 – the majority of patients are able to fix their eyes and follow moving objects;

 – they have no objectivity of perception, they cannot determine the nature of the differences between objects;

 – they have the ability to assess the spatial distance of objects.

Vision is restored more quickly in people who are blind after birth than in those who are blind. An interesting observation of a 52-year-old patient who underwent an insight operation is given in [Gregory, 1970]. At first, he did not see anything except a vague outline, but after a few days he could already walk through the hospital, find out the time by the wall clock, and watch the movement of cars through the window. In the zoo, he could correctly name most animals. Identifying objects, he often used his tactile experience. He had a specific perception of distance; for example, he thought that he would be able to touch the ground with his feet, being at the window at a height of 12 meters.

Sitting in the restaurant, he took the crescent moon for the reflection of a piece of cake in the mirror. He accurately estimated the distance and size of objects if he knew them well by touch. But he never learned to read with his eyes, although he immediately and without much difficulty began to distinguish between capital letters and numbers. He studied these letters at a school for the blind, and he did not perceive lower case letters. Therefore, it can be noted that he used his past tactile experience very effectively, which often limited the development of his visual perception.

In the museum, he was shown a machine placed under a glass cap, and he could not recognize it, although he dreamed of seeing it. When he was to take off the cap, and he could feel it, he said: “Now that I felt it, I see it.” In general, he perceived the world as dark and vague, which greatly upset him. After the onset of depression, he ceased to live an active life and died three years later. As noted, in such cases, the development of depression is quite characteristic. The image of the world around him, based on tactile sensations, was not able to accommodate a huge mass of constantly incoming new sensory information. Perhaps this led to the development of information stress, to the destruction of the established picture of the world, and then to a prolonged depression.

Studies on the role of congenital or acquired in the process of perception were performed on animals. A newborn animal is reared for some time in the conditions of sensory isolation, in darkness or in the absence of structured visual stimulation, and then its perceptual abilities are evaluated. It was found that in small young animals raised in the dark shortly after birth there is a perception of depth. They are usually observed underdevelopment or degeneration of cortical neurons, which indicates a violation of the analyzer system. As a result, it was noted that there are some innate mechanisms of visual perception in various species of animals.

The work of [Chen et al., 2019] considers the problem of development of the portable image recognition system for people with defective vision. These people face questions relating to the recognition and identification of visual information every day. In this case the portable intelligent image recognition system based on the technology of cloud and local data processing is offered. The system is more economical as it uses the highly efficient algorithms of the cloud server and captures the objects constantly scanning the incoming video. The device was tested under real-life conditions by people with defective vision in the way that facilitates them to recognize faces and identify the necessary people.