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Biological Mechanisms of Tooth Movement
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Страница 1
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
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CHAPTER 1 Biological Basis of Orthodontic Tooth Movement: A Historical Perspective
Summary
Introduction
Orthodontic treatment in the ancient world, the Middle Ages, and through the Renaissance period: Mechanics, but few biological considerations
Orthodontic treatment during the Industrial Revolution: Emergence of identification of biological factors
Orthodontic tooth movement in the twentieth and twenty‐first centuries: From light microscopy to tissue engineering and stem cells Histological studies of paradental tissues during tooth movement
Histochemical evaluation of the tissue response to applied mechanical loads
The era of cellular and molecular biology as major determinants of orthodontic treatment
Conclusions and the road ahead
References
CHAPTER 2 Biology of Orthodontic Tooth Movement: The Evolution of Hypotheses and Concepts
Summary
Introduction
Hypotheses about the biological nature of OTM: The conceptual evolution
Walkhoff’s hypothesis on the biology of OTM
Oppenheim’s transformation hypothesis
The pressure–tension hypothesis
The fluid dynamic hypothesis
The bone‐bending hypothesis
Bioelectric signals in orthodontic tooth movement
Concluding remarks
References
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CHAPTER 3 Cellular and Molecular Biology of Orthodontic Tooth Movement
Summary
Introduction
Entities important for tooth movement – the players in the game Extracellular matrix
Cells
Biomechanical characteristics of the PDL
General regulatory mechanisms Cell–cell interactions
Cell–matrix interactions
Effects of orthodontic force application Phases of OTM
Cell biological processes during initial phase and hyalinization
Cell biological processes during real tooth movement
Cell biological processes during relapse and retention
Conclusions
References
CHAPTER 4 Inflammatory Response in the Periodontal Ligament and Dental Pulp During Orthodontic Tooth Movement
Summary
Introduction
Inflammation during tooth movement
Inflammatory mediators in OTM
DAMPs
Prostaglandins
The second‐messenger system
Cytokines
Interleukins
TNF and the RANK/RANKL/OPG system
The chemokine system
Growth factors
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)
Neuropeptides
Substance P and neurokinin A
Calcitonin gene‐related peptide
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide
Neuropeptide Y
Neuropeptides and OTM: A synthesis
Activation of inflammation, apoptosis, and cell cycles of PDL in OTM
Response of the dental pulp to mechanical forces
Neuropeptide response in dental pulp to orthodontic force
Vasodilatation and angiogenesis response to orthodontic forces
Pain during OTM
Root resorption and inflammation
Root resorption in the cementum
Conclusions
References
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