Читать книгу Biological Mechanisms of Tooth Movement - Группа авторов - Страница 40

Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is the result of externally applied forces on a complex biological system that contains the alveolar bone, the periodontal ligament (PDL), the tooth, and the gingiva. Under physiologic conditions, this complex is adapting to ever changing mechanical conditions due to chewing, swallowing, and muscle activities in and around the oral cavity. The application of orthodontic forces leads to a cascade of reactions in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the cells in the dento‐alveolar complex.

In orthodontics, the fields of biology and mechanics are intertwined, and research keeps unfolding the details of this relationship. The chief questions are about the nature of the biological response of a living organism to applied mechanical forces, and what the features of an optimal force are, for each individual patient. Basic research, at the cellular and molecular levels, has revealed meaningful information about the mechanism of mechanotransduction, and about the signaling systems controlling the interactions between cells during periods of tissue remodeling. This chapter reviews details of the biological responses of paradental tissues and cells to applications of mechanical forces in vitro and in vivo.