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Apart from the oral cavity complications (see Oral cavity complications” earlier), gastrointestinal (GI) involvement with cGVHD is not uncommon. Common manifestations include involvement of the esophagus, resulting in progressive dysphagia, painful ulcers, and gradual weight loss and esophageal webs. Since the incidence of secondary cancers is also increased in allogeneic‐HCT patients, endoscopies should be performed in patients with symptoms of dysphagia. Abdominal pain/cramping, nausea/ vomiting, weight loss, diarrhea, and early satiety are also common in GI GVHD [33].

Apart from GI GVHD, late GI effects include GI cancers, medication adverse effects, which include steroid‐induced gastritis/esophagitis, mycophenolate‐induced colitis, and lastly infections particularly due to CMV colitis. Prompt recognition and treatment of these conditions is warranted to avoid complications.