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Industrial Carbon and Graphite Materials
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Страница 1
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
Industrial Carbon and Graphite Materials
Industrial Carbon and Graphite Materials
Страница 9
Preface
1 Introduction: The Future of Carbon Materials – The Industrial Perspective
1.1 Overview
1.2 Traditional Carbon and Graphite Materials
1.3 Modern Application of Carbon Materials
1.4 Future Application of Carbon Materials
1.5 Conclusion
2 The Element Carbon
*
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Diamond
2.3 Graphite
2.4 Non‐graphitic Carbon
2.5 Carbyne and Chaoite
2.6 Nanoforms of Carbon
References
Further Reading
Note
3 History of Carbon Materials
3.1 Origin of Elemental Carbon
3.2 Formation and Economic Development of Natural Diamonds
3.3 Formation and Use of Natural Graphite
3.4 History of Charcoal from Wood and Coke from Coal
3.5 History of Carbon Black
3.6 History of Activated Carbon
3.7 Development of Synthetic Graphite
3.8 Development of Synthetic Diamonds
3.9 Development of Carbon Fibers
3.10 Discovery and Inventions of Nanocarbons: Fullerenes, Nanotubes, and Graphene
References
Note
4 Recommended Terminology for the Description of Carbon as a Solid (© 1995 IUPAC)
List of Terms
Description of the Terms Acetylene Black Description
Notes
Acheson Graphite Description
Notes
Activated Carbon Description
Notes
Activated Charcoal Description
Agranular Carbon Description
Notes
Amorphous Carbon Description
Notes
Artificial Graphite Description
Notes
Baking Description
Binder Description
Binder Coke Description
Notes
Brooks and Taylor Structure in the Carbonaceous Mesophase Description
Notes
Bulk Mesophase Description
Notes
Calcined Coke Description
Notes
Carbon Description
Notes
Carbon Artifact Description
Notes
Carbon Black Description
Notes
Carbon–Carbon Composite Description
Carbon Cenospheres Description
Carbon Cloth Description
Notes
Carbon Electrode Description
Notes
Carbon Felt Description
Notes
Carbon Fiber Description
Notes
Carbon Fiber Fabrics Description
Carbon Fibers Type HM Description
Notes
Carbon Fibers Type HT Description
Notes
Carbon Fibers Type IM Description
Notes
Carbon Fibers Type LM (Low Modulus) Description
Notes
Carbon Fibers Type UHM Description
Carbon Material Description
Notes
Carbon Mix Description
Carbon Whiskers Description
Carbonaceous Mesophase Description
Notes
Carbonization Description
Notes
Catalytic Graphitization Description
Notes
Char Description
Notes
Charcoal Description
Notes
Coal‐Derived Pitch Coke Description
Notes
Coal‐Tar Pitch Description
Notes
Coalification Description
Notes
Coke Description
Notes
Coke Breeze Description
Colloidal Carbon Description
Notes
Delayed Coke Description
Notes
Delayed Coking Process Description
Notes
Diamond Description
Notes
Diamond by CVD Description
Notes
Diamond‐Like Carbon Films Description
Notes
Electrographite Description
Exfoliated Graphite Description
Notes
Fibrous Activated Carbon Description
Notes
Fibrous Carbon Description
Filamentous Carbon Description
Notes
Filler Description
Filler Coke Description
Notes
Fluid Coke Description
Notes
Fullerenes Description
Notes
Furnace Black Description
Notes
Gas‐Phase‐Grown Carbon Fibers Description
Notes
Glass‐Like Carbon Description
Notes
Granular Carbon Description
Notes
Graphene Layer Description
Notes
Graphite Description
Notes
Graphite Electrode Description
Graphite Fibers Description
Notes
Graphite Material Description
Notes
Graphite Whiskers Description
Notes
GRAPHITIC CARBON Description
Notes
Graphitizable Carbon Description
Notes
Graphitization Description
Notes
Graphitization Heat Treatment Description
Notes
Graphitized Carbon Description
Notes
Green Coke Description
Notes
Hard Amorphous Carbon Films Description
Hexagonal Graphite Description
Notes
High‐Pressure Graphitization Description
Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite Description
Notes
Isotropic Carbon Description
Notes
Isotropic Pitch‐Based Carbon Fibers Description
Notes
Lamp Black Description
Mesogenic Pitch Description
Mesophase Pitch Description
Notes
Mesophase Pitch‐Based Carbon Fibers Description
Metallurgical Coke Description
Notes
Microporous Carbon Description
Notes
MPP‐Based Carbon Fibers Description
Natural Graphite Description
Notes
Needle Coke Description
Notes
Non‐graphitic Carbon Description
Notes
Non‐graphitizable Carbon Description
Notes
Nuclear Graphite Description
Notes
Pan‐Based Carbon Fibers Description
Particulate Carbon Description
Notes
Petroleum Coke Description
Notes
Petroleum Pitch Description
Notes
Pitch Description
Notes
Pitch‐Based Carbon Fibers Description
Notes
Polycrystalline Graphite Description
Notes
Polygranular Carbon Description
Notes
Polygranular Graphite Description
Notes
Premium Coke Description
Notes
Puffing Description
Notes
Puffing Inhibitor Description
Notes
Pyrolytic Carbon Description
Notes
Pyrolytic Graphite Description
Notes
Raw Coke Description
Notes
Rayon‐Based Carbon Fibers Description
Notes
Regular Coke Description
Notes
Rhombohedral Graphite Description
Notes
Semicoke Description
Notes
Soot Description
Notes
Spherical Carbonaceous Mesophase Description
Stabilization Treatment of Thermoplastic Precursor Fibers for Carbon Fibers Description
Notes
Stress Graphitization Description
Notes
Synthetic Graphite Description
Notes
Thermal Black Description
References
Note
5 Graphite
*
5.1 Graphite Single Crystal
5.2 Natural Graphite 5.2.1 Occurrence and Properties
5.3 Synthetic Graphite
References
Further Reading
Notes
Страница 258
Страница 259
6.1.1 Polygranular Carbon and Graphite Materials
6.1.1.1 The Relevance of Raw Materials
6.1.1.1.1 Petroleum Coke
6.1.1.1.2 Coal‐Tar Pitch Coke
6.1.1.1.3 Anthracite
6.1.1.1.4 Binder Materials
6.1.1.1.4.1 Coal‐Tar Pitch
6.1.1.1.4.2 Petroleum Pitch
6.1.1.1.4.3 Thermosetting Resins
References
Further Reading
Note
6.1.2 Petroleum Coke
*
6.1.2.1. Introduction
6.1.2.2. Physical and Chemical Properties 6.1.2.2.1 Physical Properties
6.1.2.2.2 Chemical Properties and Composition
6.1.2.3. Production
6.1.2.3.1 Production Processes
6.1.2.3.1.1 Delayed Coking
6.1.2.3.1.2 Fluid Coking
6.1.2.3.1.3 Flexicoking
6.1.2.3.2 Calcination
6.1.2.3.2.1 Rotary Kiln Calciner
6.1.2.3.2.2 Rotary Hearth Calciner
6.1.2.3.2.3 Shaft Kiln Calciner
6.1.2.4. Uses and Economic Aspects
6.1.2.4.1 Green Petroleum Coke
6.1.2.4.2 Calcined Petroleum Coke 6.1.2.4.2.1 Anode‐Grade Coke (Regular Calcinate)
6.1.2.4.2.2 Needle Coke
6.1.2.5. Quality Aspects
6.1.2.5.1 Green Coke
6.1.2.5.2 Regular Calcinate
6.1.2.5.3 Needle Coke
6.1.2.6. Environmental and Safety Aspects 6.1.2.6.1 Green Coke
6.1.2.6.2 Calcined Petroleum Coke
References
Further Reading
Note
6.1.3 Coal-Tar Pitch Coke
6.1.3.1. Introduction
6.1.3.2. Physical and Chemical Properties 6.1.3.2.1 Physical Properties
6.1.3.2.2 Chemical Properties
6.1.3.3. Production of Pitch Coke
6.1.3.3.1 Production Process
6.1.3.3.1.1 Chamber Coking Process
6.1.3.3.1.2 Delayed Coker and Calciner
6.1.3 Delayed Coking
6.1.3 Calcination
6.1.3.4. Uses
6.1.3.4.1 Aggregate of Graphite Electrode for Aluminum Smelting
6.1.3.4.2 Aggregate for Graphite Electrode in Electric Arc Furnace Steelmaking
6.1.3.5. Environmental and Safety Aspects
References
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