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NEEDLE COKE is the premium product of the DELAYED COKING PROCESS. It is generally produced from highly aromatic residues from, for instance, the steam cracking of gas oil. Its appearance and preferred orientation of the GRAPHENE LAYERS is the consequence of the evolved gaseous products percolating through the mesophase, which must not have too high a viscosity. A close control of temperature, time, and feedstock is essential. Lower grades, for instance, ISOTROPIC COKES, are used for CARBON ELECTRODES applied, for example, in the production of aluminum.

See: ISOTROPIC CARBON, NEEDLE COKE.