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Natural diamond crystallized under high pressure in the Earth’s magma about 1.5 to 4 × 10⁹ years ago. The crystals were thrown through volcanic pipes together with the mineral melt of kimberlite near to the Earth’s surface. There the diamond crystals have been found since antiquity in primary and secondary deposits of kimberlite, firstly in India and since the nineteenth century in South Africa and many other countries. Since antiquity, about 4 × 10⁹ carat (− 800 t) was mined, cumulatively. The actual production amounts to about 120 × 10⁶ carat (− 24 t) annually, from which about 90% are used for industrial purposes (drilling and cutting tools). Main production countries became Australia, Zaire, Botswana, Russia, and South Africa. New deposits of diamonds are still being found and used [3].