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Allodynia: A pain response to nonnoxious stimuli such as touch and light pressure.

Dysthesia: Unpleasant or abnormal sensation, e.g., tingling, burning, itching, numbness.

Hyperalgesia: An exaggerated pain response to a noxious stimulus.

Hypersensitization: The molecular and cellular “wind‐up” in peripheral tissue and dorsal horn of the spinal cord, characterized by decreased neuron firing threshold, decreased descending inhibition, recruitment of bystanding neurons and more; results in maladaptive pain.

Nociception: Pain processing with peripheral neuronal activation, transmission in the primary afferent neuron, modulation in the spinal cord, and perception in various centers throughout the brain.

Osteoarthritis (OA): A subset of degenerative joint disease that occurs when the protecting cartilage on the ends of bones wears down over time.

Pain: Multidimensional unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. Chronic pain occurs when the pain persists for three months or longer.

Pain, Adaptive: Normal and protective pain.

Pain, Acute: Pain experienced during the expected time of posttrauma inflammation and healing.

Pain, Chronic: Pain experienced past the expected time of posttrauma inflammation and healing (in humans, defined as pain still present 2–3 months or longer after initial tissue damage).

Pain, Maladaptive: Peripheral and central hypersensitization‐induced abnormal pain, characterized by increased scope, character, and field of pain: hyperalgesia, allodynia, dysthesias.

Pain, Neuropathic: Hypersensitization and maladaptive pain that has progressed to gene expression and permanent morphological and functional changes in the peripheral and central nervous system (CNS); pain as a disease at this point.