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Depending upon the addition of ionic liquid, plasticizer and nanofiller polymer electrolytes are categorized in three types, (i) ionic liquid-based polymer electrolyte, (ii) gel polymer electrolyte and (iii) solid/composite polymer electrolyte. The ionic liquid-based polymer electrolytes have polymer salt matrix with ILs incorporated in it. The IL increases the polymer flexibility and helps in salt dissociation. The gel polymer electrolytes (GPE) consist of plasticizer (EC, PC, DMF) in the polymer salt matrix. This type provides improved shape flexibility, enhanced electrical property and safety as compared to the ionic liquid. It enables the simultaneous presence of polymer matrix cohesive properties and liquid electrolytes type ion diffusion. The solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) is a solvent-free system and comprises polymer host, salt and nanofiller. The electron rich group in polymer matrix provides the coordinating sites for cation migration and nanofiller enhances salt dissociation along with modifying the polymer chain via Lewis acid-base interactions. The solid (dispersed) polymer electrolytes are prepared by the addition of inorganic insulating nanofiller (Active and passive) such as LiO, Al₂O₃, SiO₂, and TiO₂.

The high surface area with OH group of nanofiller effectively alters the polymer chain arrangement and also supports salt dissociation. The nanoparticle of various morphology such as nanorod, nanowire is effective due to higher surface area. The addition of nanoclay has also emerged as an attractive approach termed as a solid (intercalated) polymer electrolyte [30]. Figure 3.5 shows the different types of polymer electrolytes. Table 3.2 shows some important polymer electrolytes and their characteristics.

Figure 3.5 Types of additive based polymer electrolytes.

Table 3.2 Properties of mostly used polymer host in polymer electrolytes.

Abbreviation	Polymer name	Tg	Tm	Formula
PEO	Poly(ethylene) Oxide	-67	65	(-CE2CE2O-)n
PMMA	Poly (methyl methacrylate)	105	160	(C5O2H8)n
PAN	Poly(acrylonitrile)	125	317	(C3H3N)n
PVA	Poly(vinyl alcohol)	85	230	(C2H4O)
PVC	Poly(vinyl chloride)	81	160	(C2H3Cl)n
PDMS	Poly(dimethylsiloxane)	-127	-40	-[SiO(-CH3)2]n
PVdF	Poly(vinylidene fluoride)	-40	171	-(CE2CF2)n-
PVdF-HFP	Poly(vinylidene fluoridehexafluoropropylene)	-65	135	-(CE2CF2)n [CF2CF(CF3)]m -
PEMA	poly (ethyl methacrylate)	66	160	[CH2C(CH3)(CO2C2H5)]n