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List of Contributors

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Faisal M. Aljasser is an associate Professor of Applied Linguistics in the Department of English language and Translation, College of Arabic Language and Social Studies at Qassim University. He received his Ph.D. in Applied Linguistics from Newcastle University, UK in 2008. His research centers on the production and perception of Arabic as a native language and as a second language.

Melissa Baese‐Berk is the David M. and Nancy L. Petrone Faculty Scholar and Associate Professor of Linguistics at the University of Oregon, where she directs the Speech Perception and Production Laboratory. She earned her PhD from Northwestern University in 2010. Her research focuses on speech perception and production, with special attention to speakers and listeners who do not share a native language with their interlocutor. Her work has been supported by grants from the National Science Foundation. Recent publications have appeared in Cognition, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Journal of Phonetics, and Attention, Perception, and Psychophysics.

Tessa Bent is Professor of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences and director of the Speech Perception Laboratory at Indiana University. She received her Ph.D. in Linguistics from Northwestern University in 2005. Her research focuses on children’s and adults’ perception and representation of variable speech signals, with a focus on regional dialects and non‐native accents. This research is currently supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation and has previously been supported by the National Institutes of Health. She is a Fellow of the Acoustical Society of America.

Sheila E. Blumstein is the Albert D. Mead Professor Emerita of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences at Brown University. She received her Ph.D. in Linguistics from Harvard University in 1970. She spent her entire professional career from 1970 until 2018 at Brown University. Her research focuses on the neural basis of speech and language and the processes and mechanisms underlying speaking and understanding. She received a Claude Pepper Award from the National Institutes of Health and The Silver Medal in Speech Communication from the Acoustical Society of America and was elected Fellow to a number of professional societies.

Z. S. Bond, Professor Emerita, Ohio University, earned a Ph.D. in linguistics, with psychology and hearing and speech sciences as concentrations, from the Ohio State University. She has worked at the University of Alberta, Ohio University, Ohio State University and the Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory at Wright‐ Patterson Air Force Base. Her research areas include phonetics, psychology of language, speech perception, and language contact. Currently she is analyzing the pronunciation of Latvian in recordings from WW I. She has published papers in various journals including Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Language and Speech, Perception and Psychophysics, and Journal of Phonetics. She is a member of Acoustical Society of America, Association for the Advancement of Baltic Studies, Linguistic Society of America and a foreign member of Latvian Academy of Science.

Ann R. Bradlow is the Abraham Harris Professor of Linguistics and Associate Dean for Graduate Studies at Northwestern University. She received her PhD in Linguistics from Cornell University in 1993, and then completed postdoctoral fellowships in Psychology at Indiana University (1993‐1996) and Hearing Science at Northwestern University (1996‐1998). Over the past three decades, Bradlow has pursued an interdisciplinary research program in acoustic phonetics and speech perception with a focus on speech intelligibility under conditions of talker‐, listener‐, and situation‐related variability. Her work has been supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health. Recent publications have appeared in the Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Journal of the Association for Laboratory Phonology, International Journal of Audiology, Applied Psycholinguistics, Journal of Phonetics, Language & Speech, and Bilingualism, Language, & Cognition.

Susan Brady received her Ph.D. in Cognitive Psychology at the University of Connecticut in 1975 and presently is an Emerita Professor of Psychology at the University of Rhode Island. She has held additional positions at the University of Sussex, St. Andrews University, and Haskins Laboratories. Concentrating on topics in the field of reading, her research has focused primarily on the roles of speech perception and verbal working memory in individual differences in reading ability. Likewise, she has endeavored to translate the implications of the larger body of reading research for practice, and has conducted professional development projects for educators.

Axelle Calcus is an Assistant Professor of Psychology at Université Libre de Bruxelles (Brussels, Belgium). She received her PhD in Psychology in 2015, and worked as a postdoctoral researcher at Boston University (MS, United States), University College London (London, UK) and Ecole Normale Supérieure (Paris, France). Her main research interest focuses on the development of perception of speech in noise in children with and without hearing difficulties. Her work has been supported by awards from H2020 (European Commission). She is a member of the board of the Belgian association for audiology, and of the executive committee of the Belgian association for psychological sciences. Her recent work has been published in Developmental Science and eLife.

Cynthia G. Clopper is Professor of Linguistics at Ohio State University and a Fellow of the Acoustical Society of America. She received her Ph.D. in Linguistics and Cognitive Science from Indiana University and held post‐doctoral positions in Psychology at Indiana University and in Linguistics at Northwestern University before joining the faculty at Ohio State. Her major areas of expertise are phonetics, speech perception, sociophonetics, and laboratory phonology. Dr. Clopper’s current research projects examine the effects of geographic mobility and linguistic experience on cross‐dialect lexical processing, the relationships between linguistic and indexical sources of variation in speech processing, and regional prosodic variation in American English.

Anja‐Xiaoxing Cui is a postdoctoral fellow at the University of British Columbia and visiting professor of systematic musicology at Osnabrück University. She studied psychology and piano performance before receiving her Ph.D. in Cognitive Neuroscience from Queen’s University in 2019. Her research centers on auditory processing and the interactions of music and learning, and has been supported by NSERC and the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. Anja received additional support through the German Academic Exchange Service and the German Academic Scholarship Foundation.

Anne Cutler is Distinguished Professor at the MARCS Institute, Western Sydney University, Australia. She studied languages and psychology in Melbourne, Berlin and Bonn, took a PhD in psycholinguistics at the University of Texas, held positions at MIT, Sussex University and the MRC Applied Psychology Unit (Cambridge, UK), and then from 1993 to 2013 was Director and Comprehension Group head at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics in Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Her research concerns listening to spoken language, and in particular how native language experience tailors speech decoding processes. She is an elected member of national academies in Europe, the US and Australia.

Josh Dorsi is a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Neurology Department of the Penn State College of Medicine. He received his Ph.D. in Psychology from the University of California, Riverside in 2019. His research investigates the role of multisensory and lexical information in supporting speech perception, as well as the role of crossmodal correspondences in speech and language pathologies. Some recent publications of this work have appeared in Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics; The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology; and the Journal of Cognitive Psychology.

Cynthia R. Hunter is Assistant Professor of Speech‐Language‐Hearing and Director of the Speech Perception, Cognition, and Hearing Laboratory at the University of Kansas. She earned her Ph.D. in Psychology from the StateUniversity of New York at Buffalo in 2016, and completed postdoctoral fellowships at Indiana University and the Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute. Her research centers on the neural and cognitive factors that allow individuals with and without hearing loss to understand speech in adverse listening conditions. Her recent workhas appeared in Ear and Hearing, Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, Neuropsychologia, and Brain and Language.

Sara Incera is an Assistant Professor of Psychology and Director of the Multilingual Laboratory at Eastern Kentucky University. She received her Ph.D. in Psychology from Cleveland State University in 2016, Conor McLennan was her Ph.D. advisor. Her research interests include foreign accents, bilingualism, and language development across the lifespan. Her most recent work has focused on the relationships between language and emotion. Her articles have been published in Cognition & Emotion, Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, Mind & Language, Aging, Neuropsychology, & Cognition, International Journal of Bilingualism, Acta Psychologica, and Bilingualism: Language & Cognition.

Alexandra Jesse is an Associate Professor of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Director of the Language, Intersensory Perception, and Speech Laboratory at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. After receiving her Ph.D. in Psychology from the University of California Santa Cruz in 2005, she held a research position at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics until 2010. Her research focuses on speech perception, particularly on audiovisual speech and aging, and has been supported by the National Institutes of Health, the German Research Foundation, and the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research. Some recent publications have appeared in Cognition, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, and Biological Psychology.

Keith Johnson is Professor of Linguistics and Chair of the Department of Linguistics at UC Berkeley. He received his PhD in Linguistics from Ohio State University in 1988 and held research positions in Psychology at Indiana University, in Linguistics at UCLA, and in Speech and Hearing Science at University of Alabama, Birmingham, and academic positions at Ohio State University, and Berkeley. His research is on perceptual processes involved in compensating for phonetic talker differences.

Steven Lamontagne is a PhD candidate at Queen’s University and a visiting doctoral scholar at Harvard’s McLean Hospital. In 2017, he received his MSc in Cognitive Neuroscience at Queen’s University, where he studied interactions between reward and stress circuitry using animal models. His current research, which is supported by NSERC, centers on the neurophysiological correlates of reward learning and cognitive control in people with treatment‐resistant major depressive disorder. Some recent publications of his research have appeared in Psychopharmacology, Physiology & Behavior, and Behavioural Brain Research.

Susannah V. Levi is an Associate Professor of Communicative Sciences and Disorders and Director of the Acoustic Phonetics and Perception Lab at New York University. She received her Ph.D. in Linguistics from the University of Washington in 2004. She completed a postdoctoral fellowship in the Speech Research Lab at Indiana University with David Pisoni. Her research focuses on the relationship between linguistic and speaker information during of spoken language processing. Her research has been supported by grants from the National Science Foundation and the National Institutes of Health. Some recent publications have appeared in the Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, Journal of the Acoustical Society of American, and Cognitive Science.

David Lutes received his M.Sc. in Cognitive Neuroscience at Queen’s University in 2019, where he used virtual reality devices to study the impact that various image characteristics have on the brain’s ability to effectively fuse separate images in binocular vision. To further his interest in the applications of virtual reality, David is continuing his education into video game development, as well as public health and neuroscience.

Conor T. McLennan is a Professor, Chair of the Department of Psychology, and Director of the Language Research Laboratory at Cleveland State University. He received his Ph.D. from the University at Buffalo in 2003. His research interests include language perception, bilingualism, cognitive aging, and other topics in language, memory, and perception. His research has been supported by the National Science Foundation and the National Institutes of Health, and has been published in a variety of journals, including Aging, Neuropsychology, & Cognition, Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, Cognition & Emotion, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition, and Language & Speech.

K. G. Munhall is a professor in the Department of Psychology at Queen’s University. He received his Ph.D. in psychology from McGill University in 1984. His research focuses on sensorimotor processing in speech production, audiovisual speech perception, and perceptual and cognitive factors in conversational interaction. His work has been supported by grants from the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR). Some recent publications of his work have appeared in Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Experimental Brain Research, Multisensory Research, and Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics.

Emily B. Myers is an Associate Professor of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences and Psychological Sciences at the University of Connecticut. She received her PhD from Brown University in 2005. Her work focuses on the processes that allow a listener to map the speech signal to meaning, how these processes are instantiated in the brain, and how the system breaks down in cases of language disorder. Her work has been funded by the National Institutes of Health and the National Science Foundation.

Susan Nittrouer received her PhD from the City University of New York in Speech and Hearing Science. After a post‐doctoral fellowship at Haskins Laboratories she worked at Boys Town National Research Hospital, Utah State University, and the Ohio State University. Currently she is Professor of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences at the University of Florida. Her research focuses on the intersection between auditory and language development, and on the challenges encountered by children with risk factors for developmental language delays, including hearing loss, poverty, or conditions leading to dyslexia. Susan’s goal is to develop more effective interventions for these children.

Lynne C. Nygaard is Professor of Psychology and Director of the Center for Mind, Brain, and Culture, and the Speech and Language Communication Laboratory at Emory University, USA. Her research on the perceptual, cognitive, biological, and social underpinnings of human spoken communication has appeared in many journals, including Psychological Science, Brain and Language, and Cognitive Science.

Ellen O’Donoghue is a Ph.D. Candidate at The University of Iowa, in the Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences. She received her M.Sc. in Cognitive Psychology from Queen’s University in 2018. Her research concerns the fundamental mechanisms that support learning and categorization across species, with particular emphasis on humans and pigeons.

Jennifer S. Pardo is Professor of Psychology and Director of the Speech Communication Laboratory at Montclair State University. She received her Ph.D. in Cognitive Psychology from Yale University in 2000, and has held academic positions at Barnard College, Wesleyan University, and The New School for Social Research. Her research centers on the production and perception of spoken language in conversational interaction and on understanding variation and convergence in phonetic form, and has been supported by grants from the National Science Foundation and the National Institutes of Health. Some recent publications of this work have appeared in Journal of Memory & Language, Journal of Phonetics, Language & Speech, and Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics.

Oiwi Parker Jones is a Hugh Price Fellow at Jesus College, University of Oxford. He did his doctoral research in Oxford on NLP with a focus on the application of machine learning to endangered languages. From there he trained as an imaging and computational neuroscientist at University College London and Oxford. His primary interest is in the development of a neural speech prosthetic. This includes basic research on speech and language in the brain, including work on clinical populations. His papers have been published in journals like Science and Brain and at machine learning conferences like NeurIPS, ICLR, andICML.

David B. Pisoni is Distinguished Professor of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Chancellor’s Professor of Cognitive Science at Indiana University, Bloomington, USA, and Professor in the Department of Otolaryngology at Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA. He has made significant contributions in basic, applied, and clinical research in areas of speech perception, production, synthesis, and spoken language processing.

Lawrence J. Raphael is Professor Emeritus of both the Graduate School of CUNY and Adelphi University. He was a research associate at Haskins Laboratories for 26 years. His research interests include speech perception, speech acoustics and the physiology of the speech mechanism. His research has been published in a variety of scholarly journals. He is a co‐author of Speech Science Primer, 6th edition and co‐editor of The Biographical Dictionary of the Phonetic Sciences, Language and Cognition and Producing Speech. Professor Raphael is a Fellow of the New York Academy of Sciences.

Robert E. Remez is Professor of Psychology at Barnard College, Columbia University, USA, and Chair of the Columbia University Seminar on Language and Cognition. His research has been published in many scientific and technical journals, including American Psychologist, Developmental Psychology, Ear and Hearing, Experimental Aging Research, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, and Journal of Experimental Psychology.

Lawrence D. Rosenblum is a Professor of Psychology at the University of California, Riverside. He studies multisensory speech and talker perception as well as ecological acoustics. His research has been supported by grants from the National Science Foundation, National Institutes of Health, and the National Federation of the Blind. He is the author of numerous publications including the book See What I’m Saying: The Extraordinary Powers of our Five Senses. His research has been featured in Scientific American, The New York Times, and The Economist.

Jan W. H. Schnupp is a sensory neuroscientist with a long standing interest in the processing of auditory information by the central nervous system. He received his DPhil from the University of Oxford in 1996, and he held visiting and faculty positions at the University of WIsconsin, the Italian Institute of Technology and the University of Oxford before taking up a professorship at the City University of Hong Kong. His research interests range widely, from central representations of auditory space to pitch and timbre, temporal predictive coding and auditory pattern learning. His work has been funded by the Wellcome Trust, BBSRC, MRC, and the UGC and HMRF of Hong Kong. He has published over 80 papers in numerous neuroscience and general science journals and he coauthored the textbook "Auditory Neuroscience".

Diana Van Lancker Sidtis (formerly Van Lancker) is Professor Emeritus of Communicative Sciences and Disorders at New York University, where she served as Chair from 1999‐2002; Associate Director of the Brain and Behavior Laboratory at the Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY; and a certified and licensed speech-language pathologist (from Cal State LA). Her education includes an MA from the University of Chicago, PhD from Brown University, and an NIH Postdoctoral Fellowship at Northwestern University. Dr. Sidtis has continued to mentor students and perform research in speech science, voice studies, and neurolinguistics. She is author of over 100 scientific papers and review chapters, and coauthor, with Jody Kreiman, of Foundations of Voice Studies, Wiley‐Blackwell. Her second book, Foundations of Familiar Language, is scheduled to appear in 2021.

Matthias J. Sjerps received his Ph.D. in Cognitive Psychology at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics in Nijmegen, The Netherlands. He has held postdoc positions at the Max Planck Institute, The Radboud University of Nijmegen, and at the University of California at Berkeley. His main research line has been centered on the perception of speech sounds, with a specific focus on how listeners resolve variability in speech sounds. His work has been supported by grants from the European Committee (Marie curie grant) and Max Planck Gesellschaft. Some recent publications of this work have appeared in Nature Communications, Journal of Phonetics, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance. Since 2019 he is working as a researcher for the Dutch Inspectorate of Education, focusing on methods of risk‐assessment of schools and school‐boards.

Rajka Smiljanic is Professor of Linguistics and Director of UT Sound Lab at the University of Texas at Austin. She received her Ph.D. from the Linguistics Department at the University of Illinois Urbana‐Champaign, after which she worked as a Research Associate in the Linguistics Department at Northwestern University. Her work is concentrated in the areas of experimental phonetics, cross-language and second language speech production and perception, clear speech, and intelligibility variation. Her recent work appeared in the Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, and Journal of Phonetics. She was elected Fellow of the Acoustical Society of America in 2018 and is currently serving as a Chair of the Speech Communication Technical Committee.

Mitchell S. Sommers is Professor of Psychological and Brain Sciences at Washington University in St. Louis. He received his PhD in Psychology from the University of Michigan and worked as a postdoctoral Fellow at Indiana University. His work focuses on changes in hearing and speech perception in older adults and individuals with dementia of the Alzheimer’s type. His work has been published in Ear & Hearing, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, and Journal of Memory and Language, among others. He received a career development award from the Brookdale Foundation and his work has been supported by NIH, NSF, and the Pfeifer Foundation.

Christina Y. Tzeng is Assistant Professor of Psychology at San José State University. She received her Ph.D. in Psychology from Emory University in 2016. Her research explores the cognitive mechanisms that underlie perceptual learning of variation in spoken language and has been supported by the American Psychological Association. She has published her research in journals such as Cognitive Science, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, and Psychonomic Bulletin and Review.

Michael S. Vitevitch is Professor of Psychology and Director of the Spoken Language Laboratory at the University of Kansas. He received his Ph.D. in Cognitive Psychology from the University at Buffalo in 1997, and was an NIH post‐doctoral trainee at Indiana University before taking an academic position at the University of Kansas in 2001. His research uses speech errors, auditory illusions, and the mathematical tools of network science to examine the processes and representations that are involved in the perception and production of spoken language. His work has been supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health, and has been published in Psychology journals such as Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, Cognitive Psychology, and Psychological Science, as well as journals in other disciplines such as Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, and Entropy.

Seung Yun Yang, Ph.D., CCC‐SLP, is an assistant professor in the department of Communication, Arts, Sciences, and Disorders. She is also a member of the Brain and Behavior Laboratory at the Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research in Orangeburg, New York. She received her doctorate from the Department of Communicative Sciences and Disorders at New York University. Her research primarily focuses on understanding the neural bases of nonliteral language and on understanding how prosody is conveyed and understood in the context of spoken language. Her research works have been published in peer‐reviewed journals such as Journal of American Speech, Language, and Hearing Research and Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics.

Romi Zäske is a researcher at the University Hospital Jena and the Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Germany. She received her Ph.D. from the Friedrich Schiller University of Jena in 2010, and has conducted research projects at Glasgow University, UK, and at the University of Bern, Switzerland. Her research centers on the cognitive and neuronal mechanisms subserving human voice perception and memory, including individual differences, and has been supported by grants of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). Some recent publications of her work have appeared in Royal Society Open Science, Behavior Research Methods, Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, Cortex, and Journal of Neuroscience.

The Handbook of Speech Perception

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