Читать книгу The Handbook of Solitude - Группа авторов - Страница 25

Self‐regulation is one critical factor that has been heavily implicated in our understanding of shyness in general, and adaptive shyness in particular. Self‐regulation has been long regarded as a key component of temperament and personality (Posner & Rothbart, 2000; Rothbart & Bates, 1998). Broadly defined, self‐regulation encompasses the behavioral, physiological, cognitive, and affective processes that serve to modulate reactivity in order to support goal‐directed behavior (Hofmann et al., 2012). Self‐regulation is hypothesized to emerge in early infancy through increased control over orienting responses (Harman et al., 1997; Johnson et al., 1991) and continues to develop throughout the life span, displaying especially rapid development during the early preschool years (Eisenberg et al., 2004; Kopp, 1982).