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The Handbook of Solitude
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Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
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1 Alone Again: Revisiting Psychological Perspectives on Solitude
Editors’ Note: Solitude in the Time of COVID‐19
Alone Again: Revisiting Psychological Perspectives on Solitude
Looking Back: Solitude as Bad vs. Good
Looking Around: A Conceptual Model of the Causes and Consequences of Solitude
Looking Forward: Solitude in Context
Development.
Culture.
Technology and social media.
Overview of the New Edition of this Handbook
Concluding Thoughts: Getting Solitude “Just Right”
References
2 Evolutionary and Neuroscientific Perspectives on Adaptive Shyness
Are There Adaptive Functions of Shyness?
Fearful and Self‐Conscious Shyness
Adaptive Aspects of Shyness Subtypes
What Are Some of the Regulatory Mechanisms of Adaptive Shyness?
Self‐Regulation and Shyness
Self‐Regulation and Adaptive Shyness Subtypes
How Are These Self‐Regulatory Mechanisms Instantiated in the Brain in Adaptive Shyness?
Frontal Brain Asymmetry and Shyness
Adaptive Subtypes of Shyness in the Brain
Frontal Brain Maturation and Adaptive Shyness
Conclusion
References
Note
3 An Attachment Perspective on Solitude and Loneliness
Attachment Theory and Research
Interpersonal Manifestations of Attachment Orientations
Attachment Orientations, Solitude, and the Capacity to Be Alone
Attachment Orientations and Feelings of Loneliness
Concluding Remarks
References
4 What Does Animal (Nonhuman) Research Tell Us About Social Deprivation and Social Isolation?
What Does Animal (Nonhuman) Research Tell Us About Social Deprivation and Social Isolation?
The Importance of Understanding the Effects of Social Deprivation and Social isolation
Brief History of Theory and Research on the Role of Social Relationships for Development
Nonhuman Primate Models Why are Nonhuman Primate Models Useful?
Harlow’s studies on maternal deprivation and total isolation.
Effects of peer‐rearing in nonhuman primates.
The effects of peer deprivation in nonhuman primates.
Studying Temperament in Nonhuman Primates
Rodent Models Why Are Rodent Models Useful?
Effects of maternal separation and maternal deprivation in rodents.
Effects of paternal deprivation in rodents.
Postweaning social isolation in rodents.
Communal rearing as an enriched social environment in rodents.
The role of temperament in rodent social behaviors and social isolation.
Conclusion and Future Directions
References
5 The Origins of Beneficial Solitude: Psychoanalytic Perspectives
The Solitary Self Autoerotism, Primary Narcissism, and Secondary Narcissism
The Stimulus Barrier
Normal Autism and Symbiosis
Essential Aloneness, Noncommunicating Self, and Going‐On‐Being
Schema‐of‐Being‐With‐the‐Self
Idiom
The Capacity to Be Alone
Fort‐da
Negative Hallucination
Oceanic Feeling and Oneness Experience
The Capacity To Be Alone and the Necessity of Being Alone
Linking and the Capacity for Thought
Companions in Solitude Transitional Objects and Transitional Phenomena
Representations of Interactions That Have Been Generalized and the Evoked Companion
Imaginary Companions, Fantasies, and Daydreaming
Conclusions Beneficial Solitude as a Paradox
References
Notes
6 Culture, Social Withdrawal, and Development
Culture, Social Withdrawal, and Development
Research Approaches in the Study of Culture and Children’s Social Withdrawal
Exploring Culture and Shyness from a Contextual‐Developmental Perspective
Parent and peer attitudes.
Developmental outcomes.
Exploring Culture and Unsociability From a Contextual‐Developmental Perspective
Issues, Implications, and Future Directions
References
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