Читать книгу Chance, Calculation and Life - Группа авторов - Страница 2
Table of Contents
Оглавление1 Cover
4 Preface
6 PART 1: Randomness in all of its Aspects 1 Classical, Quantum and Biological Randomness as Relative Unpredictability 1.1. Introduction 1.2. Randomness in classical dynamics 1.3. Quantum randomness 1.4. Randomness in biology 1.5. Random sequences: a theory invariant approach 1.6. Classical and quantum randomness revisited 1.7. Conclusion and opening: toward a proper biological randomness 1.8. Acknowledgments 1.9. References 2: In The Name of Chance 2.1. The birth of probabilities and games of chance 2.2. A very brief history of probabilities 2.3. Chance? What chance? 2.4. Prospective possibility 2.5. Appendix: Congruent generators, can prospective chance be periodic? 2.6. References 3 Chance in a Few Languages 3.1. Classical Sanskrit 3.2. Persian and Arabic 3.3. Ancient Greek 3.4. Russian 3.5. Latin 3.6. French 3.7. English 3.8. Dice, chance and the symbolic world 3.9. References 4 The Collective Determinism of Quantum Randomness 4.1. True or false chance 4.2. Chance sneaks into uncertainty 4.3. The world of the infinitely small 4.4. A more figurative example 4.5. Einstein’s act of resistance 4.6. Schrödinger’s cat to neutrino oscillations 4.7. Chance versus the anthropic principle 4.8. And luck in life? 4.9. Chance and freedom 5 Wave-Particle Chaos to the Stability of Living 5.1. Introduction 5.2. The chaos of the wave-particle 5.3. The stability of living things 5.4. Conclusion 5.5. Acknowledgments 5.6. References 6 Chance in Cosmology: Random and Turbulent Creation of Multiple Cosmos 6.1. Is quantum cosmology oxymoronic? 6.2. Between two realities – at the entrance and exit – is virtuality 6.3. Who will sing the metamorphoses of this high vacuum? 6.4. Loop lament 6.5. The quantum vacuum exists, Casimir has met it 6.6. The generosity of the quantum vacuum 6.7. Landscapes 6.8. The good works of Inflation 6.9. Sub species aeternitatis 6.10. The smiling vacuum 7 The Chance in Decision: When Neurons Flip a Coin 7.1. A very subjective utility 7.2. A minimum rationality 7.3. There is noise in the choices 7.4. On the volatility of parameters 7.5. When the brain wears rose-tinted glasses 7.6. The neurons that take a vote 7.7. The will to move an index finger 7.8. Free will in debate 7.9. The virtue of chance 7.10. References 8 To Have a Sense of Life: A Poetic Reconnaissance 8.1. References 9 Divine Chance 9.1. Thinking by chance 9.2. Chance, need: why choose? 9.3. When chance is not chance 9.4. When chance comes from elsewhere 10 Chance and the Creative Process 10.1. Introduction 10.2. Chance 10.3. Creation 10.4. Chance in the artistic creative process 10.5. An art of the present moment 10.6. Conclusion 10.7. References
7 PART 2: Randomness, Biology and Evolution 11 Epigenetics, DNA and Chromatin Dynamics: Where is the Chance and Where is the Necessity? 11.1. Introduction 11.2. Random combinations 11.3. Random alterations 11.4. Beyond the gene 11.5. Epigenetic variation 11.6. Concluding remarks 11.7. Acknowledgments 11.8. References 12 When Acquired Characteristics Become Heritable: The Lesson of Genomes 12.1. Introduction 12.2. Horizontal genetic exchange in prokaryotes 12.3. Two specificities of eukaryotes theoretically oppose horizontal gene transfer 12.4. Criteria for genomic analysis 12.5. Abundance of horizontal transfers in unicellular eukaryotes 12.6. Remarkable horizontal genetic transfers in pluricellular eukaryotes 12.7. Main mechanisms of horizontal genetic transfers 12.8. Introgressions and limits to the concept of species 12.9. Conclusion 12.10. References 13 The Evolutionary Trajectories of Organisms are Not Stochastic 13.1. Evolution and stochasticity: a few metaphors 13.2. The Gouldian metaphor of the “replay” of evolution 13.3. The replay of evolution: what happened 13.4. Evolutionary replay experiments 13.5. Phylogenies versus experiments 13.6. Stochasticity, evolution and extinction 13.7. Conclusion 13.8. References 14 Evolution in the Face of Chance 14.1. Introduction 14.2. Waddington and the concept of canalization 14.3. A stochastic model of Darwinian evolution 14.4. Numerical results 14.5. Discussion 14.6. Acknowledgments 15 Chance, Contingency and the Origins of Life: Some Historical Issues 15.1. Acknowledgments 15.2. References 16 Chance, Complexity and the Idea of a Universal Ethics 16.1. Cosmic evolution and advances in computation 16.2. Two notions of complexity 16.3. Biological computations 16.4. Energy and emergy 16.5. What we hold onto 16.6. Noah knew this already! 16.7. Create, protect and collect 16.8. An ethics of organized complexity 16.9. Not so easy 16.10. References
9 Index
