Читать книгу Graves' Orbitopathy - Группа авторов - Страница 80
References
Оглавление1 Eckstein AK, Johnson KT, Thanos M, Esser J, Ludgate M: Current insights into the pathogenesis of Graves’ orbitopathy. Horm Metab Res 2009;41:456–464.
2 Kvetny J, Puhakka KB, Rohl L: Magnetic resonance imaging determination of extraocular eye muscle volume in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy and proptosis. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2006;84:419–423.
3 Heufelder AE, Bahn RS: Elevated expression in situ of selectin and immunoglobulin superfamily type adhesion molecules in retroocular connective tissues from patients with Graves’ ophthalmopathy. Clin Exp Immunol 1993;91:381–389.
4 Sorisky A, Pardasani D, Gagnon A, Smith TJ: Evidence of adipocyte differentiation in human orbital fibroblasts in primary culture. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996;81:3428–3431.
5 Valyasevi RW, Erickson DZ, Harteneck DA, Dutton CM, Heufelder AE, Jyonouchi SC, Bahn RS: Differentiation of human orbital preadipocyte fibroblasts induces expression of functional thyrotropin receptor. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;84:2557–2562.
6 Brandau S, Bruderek K, Hestermann K, Görtz G-E, Horstmann M, Mattheis S, Lang S, Eckstein A, Berchner-Pfannschmidt U: Orbital fibroblasts from Graves‘ Orbitopathy patients share functional and immunophenotypic properties with mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015;56:6549–5756.
7 Lantz M, Vondrichova T, Parikh H, Frenander C, Ridderstrale M, Asman P, Aberg M, Groop L, Hallengren B: Overexpression of immediate early genes in active Graves’ ophthalmopathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005;90:4784–4791.
8 Starkey K, Heufelder A, Baker G, Joba W, Evans M, Davies S, Ludgate M: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma in thyroid eye disease: contraindication for thiazolidinedione use? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:55–59.
9 Dorkhan M, Lantz M, Frid A, Groop L, Hallengren B: Treatment with a thiazolidinedione increases eye protrusion in a subgroup of patients with type 2 diabetes. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2006;65:35–39.
10 Smith TJ, Wang HS, Evans CH: Leukoregulin is a potent inducer of hyaluronan synthesis in cultured human orbital fibroblasts. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 1995;268:C382–C388.
11 Zhang L, Grennan-Jones F, Draman MS, Lane C, Morris D, Dayan CM, Tee AR, Ludgate M: Possible targets for non-immunosuppressive therapy of Graves’ orbitopathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014;99:E1183–E1190.
12 Saber E, McDonnell J, Zimmermann KM, Yugar JE, Feldon SE: Extraocular muscle changes in experimental orbital venous stasis: some similarities to Graves’ orbitopathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1996;234:331–336.
13 Nishida Y, Tian S, Isberg B, Hayashi O, Tallstedt L, Lennerstrand G: Significance of orbital fatty tissue for exophthalmos in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2002;240:515–520.
14 Campi I, Vannucchi G, Salvi M: Therapy of endocrine disease. Endocrine dilemma: management of Graves’ orbitopathy. Eur J Endocrinol 2016;175: R117–R133.
15 Tallstedt L, Lundell G, Torring O, Wallin G, Ljunggren JG, Blomgren H, Taube A: Occurrence of ophthalmopathy after treatment for Graves’ hyperthyroidism. N Engl J Med 1992;326:1733–1738.
16 Vannucchi G, Campi I, Covelli D, Dazzi D, Currò N, Simonetta S, Ratiglia R, Beck-Peccoz P, Salvi M: Graves’ orbitopathy activation after radioactive iodine therapy with and without steroid prophylaxis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009;94:3381–3386.
17 Laurberg P, Wallin G, Tallstedt L, Abraham-Nordling M, Lundell G, Tørring O: TSH-receptor autoimmunity in Graves’ disease after therapy with antithyroid drugs, surgery, or radioiodine: a 5-year prospective randomized study Eur J Endocrinol 2008;158:69–75.
18 Tallstedt L, Lundell G, Blomgren H, Bring J: Does early administration of thyroxine reduce the development of Graves’ ophthalmopathy after radioiodine treatment? Eur J Endocrinol 1994;130:494–497.
19 Chan W, Wong GW, Fan DS, Cheng AC, Lam DS, Ng JS: Ophthalmopathy in childhood Graves’ disease. Br J Ophthalmol 2002;86:740–742.
20 Chen F, Day SL, Metcalfe RA, Sethi G, Kapembwa MS, Brook MG, Churchill D, de Ruiter A, Robinson S, Lacey CJ, Weetman AP: Characteristics of autoimmune thyroid disease occurring as a late complication of immune reconstitution in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. Medicine (Baltimore) 2005;84:98–106.
21 Baker G, Mazziotti G, von Ruhland C, Ludgate M: Reevaluating thyrotropin receptor-induced mouse models of Graves’ disease and ophthalmopathy. Endocrinology 2005;146:835–844.
22 Moshkelgosha S, So P-W, Deasy N, Diaz-Cano S, Banga JP: Cutting edge: retrobulbar inflammation, adipogenesis, and acute orbital congestion in a preclinical female mouse model of Graves’ orbitopathy induced by thyrotropin receptor plasmid-in vivo electroporation. Endocrinology 2013;154:3008–3015.
23 Berchner-Pfannschmidt U, Moshkelgosha S, Diaz-Cano S, Edelmann B, Görtz G-E, Horstmann M, Noble A, Hansen W, Eckstein A, Banja JP: Comparative assessment of female mouse model of Graves’ orbitopathy under different environments, accompanied by pro-inflammatory cytokine T cell responses to thyrotropin hormone receptor antigen. Endocrinology 2015;157:1673–1682.
24 Görtz G-E, Moshkelgosha S, Jesenek C, Horstmann M, Edelmann B, Banga JP, Eckstein A, Berchner-Pfannschmidt U: Pathogenic phenotype of adipogenesis and hyaluronan in orbital fibroblasts from female Graves’ orbitopathy mouse model. Endocrinology 2016;157:3771–3778.
25 Bell A, Gagnon A, Dods P, Papineau D, Tiberi M, Sorisky A: TSH signalling and cell survival in 3T3L1 preadipocytes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2002;283:C1056–C1064.
26 Valyasevi RW, Harteneck DA, Dutton CM, Bahn RS: Stimulation of adipogenesis, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma),and thyrotropin receptor by PPARgamma agonist inhuman orbital preadipocyte fibroblasts. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002;87:2352–2358.
27 Wakelkamp IM, Bakker O, Baldeschi L, Wiersinga WM, Prummel MF: TSH-R expression and cytokine profile in orbital tissue of active vs inactive Graves’ ophthalmopathy patients. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf ) 2003;58:280–287.
28 Zhang L, Baker G, Janus D, Paddon CA, Fuhrer D, Ludgate M: Biological effects of thyrotropin receptor activation on human orbital preadipocytes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006;47:5197–5203.
29 Kohn LD, Alvarez F, Marcocci C, Kohn AD, Corda D, Hoffman WE, Tombaccini D, Valente WA, de Luca M, Santisteban P: Monoclonal antibody studies defining the origin and properties of autoantibodies. Ann NY Acad Sci 1986;475:157–173.
30 Weightman DR, Perros P, Sherif IH, Kendall-Taylor P: Autoantibodies to IGF-1 binding sites in thyroid associated ophthalmopathy. Autoimmunity 1993;16:251–257.
31 Pritchard J, Han R, Horst N, Cruikshank WW, Smith TJ: Immunoglobulin activation of T cell chemoattractant expression in fibroblasts from patients with Graves’ disease is mediated through the insulin-like growth factor I receptor pathway. J Immunol 2003;170:6348–6354.
32 Smith TJ, Tsai CC, Shih MJ, Tsui S, Chen B, Han R, Naik V, King CS, Press C, Kamat S, Goldberg RA, Phipps RP, Douglas RS, Gianoukakis AG: Unique attributes of orbital fibroblasts and global alterations in IGF-1 receptor signaling could explain thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. Thyroid 2008;18:983–988.
33 Smith TJ, Hoa N: Immunoglobulins from patients with Graves’ disease induce hyaluronan synthesis in their orbital fibroblasts through the self-antigen, insulin-like growth factor-I receptor. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:5076–5080.
34 Tsui S, Naik V, Hoa N, Hwang CJ, Afifryan NF, Sinha Hikim A, Gianoukakis AG, Douglas RS, Smith TJ: Evidence for an association between thyroid-stimulating hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptors: a tale of two antigens implicated in Graves’ disease. J Immunol 2008;181:4397–4405.
35 Krieger CC, Place RF, Bevilacqua C, Marcus-Samuels B, Abel BS, Skarulis MC, Kahaly GJ, Neumann S, Gershengorn MC: TSH/IGF-1 receptor cross talk in Graves’ ophthalmopathy pathogenesis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016;101:2340–2347.
36 Prabhakar BS, Bahn RS, Smith TJ: Current perspective on the pathogenesis of Graves’ disease and ophthalmopathy. Endocr Rev 2003;24:802–835.
37 Fruhbeck G, Becceril S, Sainz N Garrastuchu P, Garcia-Vellosa MJ: BAT: a new target for human obesity? Trends Pharmacol Sci 2009;30:387.
38 Drexhage HA: Are there more than antibodies to the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor that meet the eye in Graves’ disease? Endocrinology 2006;147:9–12.
39 El Fassi D, Nielsen CH, Hasselbalch HC, Hegedus L: The rationale for B lymphocyte depletion in Graves’ disease. Monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody therapy as a novel treatment option. Eur J Endocrinol 2006;154:623–632.
40 Salvi M, Vannucchi G, Campi I, Rossi S, Bonara P, Sbrozzi F, Guastella C, Avignone S, Pirola G, Ratiglia R, Beck-Peccoz P: Efficacy of rituximab treatment for thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy as a result of intraorbital B-cell depletion in one patient unresponsive to steroid immunosuppression. Eur J Endocrinol 2006;154:511–517.
41 Salvi M, Vannucchi G, Beck-Peccoz P: Potential utility of rituximab for Graves’ orbitopathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013;98:4291–4299.
42 Salvi M, Vannucchi G, Currò N, Campi I, Covelli D, Dazzi D, Simonetta S, Guastella C, Pignataro L, Avignone S, Beck-Peccoz P: Efficacy of B-cell targeted therapy with rituximab in patients with active moderate to severe Graves’ orbitopathy: a randomized controlled study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015;100:422–431.
43 Salvi M, Vannucchi G, Campi I, Curr N, Simonetta S, Covelli D, Pignataro L, Guastella C, Rossi S, Bonara P, Dazzi D, Ratiglia R, Beck-Peccoz P: Rituximab treatment in a patient with severe thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy: effects on orbital lymphocytic infiltrates. Clin Immunol 2009;131:360–365.
44 Douglas RS, Afifiyan NF, Hwang CJ, Chong K, Haider U, Richards P, Gianoukakis AG, Smith TJ: Increased generation of fibrocytes in thyroid associated ophthalmopathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010;95:430–438.
45 Tomlinson JW, Durrani OPM, Bujalska IJ, Gathercole LL, Tomliss PJ, Reuser TTQ, Rose GE, Curnow SJ, Stewart PM, Walker EA, Rauz S: The role of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 in adipogenesis in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010;95:398–406.
46 Görtz G-E, Horstmann M, Aniol B, Delos Reyes B, Fandrey J, Eckstein A, Berchner-Pfannschmidt U: Hypoxia-dependent HIF-1 activation impacts on tissue remodeling in Graves’ ophthalmopathy – implications for smoking. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016;101:4834–4842.
47 Pappa A, Lawson JM, Calder V, Fells P, Lightman S: T cells and fibroblasts in affected extraocular muscles in early and late thyroid associated ophthalmopathy. Br J Ophthalmol 2000;8:517–522.
48 Han R, Smith TJ: Induction by IL-1 beta of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in human orbital fibroblasts: modulation of gene promoter activity by IL-4 and IFN-gamma. J Immunol 2005;174:3072–3079.
49 Cawood TJ, Moriarty P, O’Farrelly C, O’Shea D: The effects of tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin 1 on an in vitro model of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy; contrasting effects on adipogenesis. Eur J Endocrinol 2006;155:395–403.
50 Kazim M, Goldberg RA, Smith TJ: Insights into the pathogenesis of thyroid-associated orbitopathy: evolving rationale for therapy. Arch Ophthalmol 2002;120:380–386.
51 Salvi M, Campi I: Medical Treatment of Graves’ Orbitopathy. Horm Metab Res 2015;47:779–788.
52 Afzali B, Lombardi G, Lechler RI, Lord GM: The role of T helper 17 (Th17) and regulatory T cells (Treg) in human organ transplantation and autoimmune disease. Clin Exp Immunol 2007;148:32–46.
53 Kahaly GJ, Shimony O, Gellman YN, Lytton SD, Eshkar-Sebban L, Rosenblum N, Refaeli E, Kassem S, Ilany J, Naor D: Regulatory T-cells in graves’ orbitopathy: baseline findings and immunomodulation by anti-T lymphocyte globulin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010;96:422–429.
54 Peng D, Xu B, Wang Y, Guo H, Jiang Y: A high frequency of circulating Th22 and Th17 cells in patients with new onset Graves’ disease. PLoS One 2013;8:e68446.
55 Gerding MN, van der Meer JW, Broenink M, Bakker O, Wiersinga WM, Prummel MF: Association of thyrotrophin receptor antibodies with the clinical features of Graves’ ophthalmopathy. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2000;52:267–271.
56 Eckstein AK, Plicht M, Lax H, Neuhauser M, Mann K, Lederbogen S, Heckmann C, Esser J, Morgenthaler NG: Thyrotropin receptor autoantibodies are independent risk factors for Graves’ ophthalmopathy and help to predict severity and outcome of the disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006;91:3464–3470.
57 De Roux N, Polak M, Couet J, et al: A neomutation of the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor in a severe neonatal hyperthyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996;81:2023–2026.
58 Kumar S, Nadeem S, Stan MN, Coenen M, Bahn RS: A stimulatory TSH receptor antibody enhances adipogenesis via phosphoinositide 3-kinase activation in orbital preadipocytes from patients with Graves’ ophthalmopathy. J Mol Endocrinol 2011;46:155–163.
59 Zhang L, Bowen T, Grennan-Jones F, Paddon C, Giles P, Webber J, Steadman R, Ludgate M: Thyrotropin receptor activation increases hyaluronan production in preadipocyte-fibroblasts: contributory role in hyaluronan accumulation in thyroid dysfunction. J Biol Chem 2009;284:26447–26455.
60 Kuriyan AE, Phipps RP, O’Loughlin CW, Feldon SE: Improvement of thyroid eye disease following treatment with the cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitor celecoxib. Thyroid 2008;18:911–914.
61 Feldon SE, O’Loughlin CW, Ray DM, Landskroner-Eiger S, Seweryniak KE, Phipps RP: Activated human T lymphocytes express cyclooxygenase-2 and produce proadipogenic prostaglandins that drive human orbital fibroblast differentiation to adipocytes. Am J Pathol 2006;169:1183–1193.
62 Bagriacik EU, Klein JR: The thyrotropin (thyroid stimulating hormone) receptor is expressed on murine dendritic cells and on a subset of CD45Rbhigh lymph node T cells: functional role for thyroid stimulating hormone during immune activation. J Immunol 2000;164:6158–6165.
63 Nakabayashi K, Matsumi H, Bhalla A, Bae J, Mosselman S, Yu Hsu S, Hsueh AJW: Thyrostimulin, a heterodimer of two new human glycoprotein hormone subunits, activates the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor. J Clin Invest 2002;109:1445–1452.
64 Okada SL, Ellsworth JL, Durnam DM, Haugen HS, Holloway JL, Kelley ML, Lewis KE, Ren H, Sheppard PO, Storey HM, Waggie KS, Wolf AC, Yao LY, Webster PJ: A glycoprotein hormone expressed in corticotrophs exhibits unique binding properties on thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor. Mol Endocrinol 2006;20:414–425.
65 Manji N, Carr-Smith JD, Boelaert K, Allahabadia A, Armitage M, Chatterjee VK, Lazarus JH, Pearce SH, Vaidya B, Gough SC, Franklyn JA: Influences of age, gender, smoking, and family history on autoimmune thyroid disease phenotype. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006;9:4873–4880.
66 Villanueva R, Inzerillo AM, Tomer Y, Barbesino G, Meltzer M, Concepcion ES, Greenberg DA, MacLaren N, Sun ZS, Zhang DM, Tucci S, DaviesTF: Limited genetic susceptibility to severe Graves’ ophthalmopathy: no role for CTLA-4 but evidence for an environmental etiology. Thyroid 2000;10:791–798.
67 Vaidya B, Oakes EJ, Imrie H, Dickinson A Perros P, Kendall-Taylor P, Pearce SH: CTLA4 gene and Graves’ disease: association of Graves’ disease with the CTLA4 exon 1 and intron 1 polymorphisms, but not with the promoter polymorphism. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2003;58:732–735.
68 Dechairo BM, Zabaneh D, Collins J, Brand O, Dawson GJ, Green AP, Mackay I, Franklyn JA, Connell JM, Wass JA, Wiersinga WM, Hegedus L, Brix T, Robinson BG, Hunt PJ, Weetman AP, Carey AH, Gough SC: Association of the TSHR gene with Graves’ disease: the first disease specific locus. Eur J Hum Genet 2005;13:1223–1230.
69 Kuś A, Szymański K, Jurecka-Lubieniecka B, Pawlak-Adamska E, Kula D, Miśkiewicz P, Bolanowski M, Płoski R, Bossowski A, Daroszewski J, Jarząb B, Bednarczuk T: Gender-dependent and age-of-onset-specific association of the rs11675434 single-nucleotide polymorphism near TPO with susceptibility to Graves’ ophthalmopathy. J Hum Genet 2017;62:373–377.
70 Wong KH, Rong SS, Chong KKL, Young AL, Pang CP, Chen LJ: Genetic associations of interleukin-related genes with Graves’ ophthalmopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2015;5:16672.
71 Huber AK, Jacobson EM, Jazdzewski K, Concepcion ES, Tomer Y: Interleukin (IL)-23 receptor is a major susceptibility gene for Graves’ ophthalmopathy: the IL-23/T-helper 17 axis extends to thyroid autoimmunity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008;93:1077–1081.
72 Romagnani S, Maggi E, Liotta F, Cosmi L, Annunziato F: Properties and origins of Th17 cells. Mol Immunol 2009;47:3–7.
73 Krassas GE, Wiersinga W: Smoking and autoimmune thyroid disease: the plot thickens. Eur J Endocrinol 2006;154:777–780.
74 Hurst J, von Landenberg P: Toll-like receptors and autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev 2008;7:204–208.
75 Many MC, Costagliola S, Detrait M, Denef J-F, Vassart G, Ludgate M: Development of an animal model of autoimmune thyroid eye disease. J Immunol 1999;162:4966–4974.
76 Covelli D, Ludgate M: The thyroid, the eyes and the gut: a possible connection. J Endocrinol Invest 2017, Epub ahead of print.
77 Metcalfe RA, Weetman AP: Stimulation of extraocular muscle fibroblasts by cytokines and hypoxia: possible role in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. Clin Endocrinol 1994;40:67–72.
78 Cawood TJ, Moriarty P, O’Farrelly C, O’Shea D: Smoking and thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy: a novel explanation of the biological link. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92:59–64.
79 Krassas GE, Heufelder AE: Immunosuppressive therapy in patients with thyroid eye disease: an overview of current concepts. Eur J Endocrinol 2001;14:311–318.
80 Bahn RS: Clinical review 157: Pathophysiology of Graves’ ophthalmopathy: the cycle of disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:1939–1946.
81 Cozma I, Zhang L, Uddin J, Lane C, Rees A, Ludgate M: Modulation of expression of somatostatin receptor subtypes in Graves’ ophthalmopathy orbits: relevance to novel analogues. Am J Physiol (Endocrinol Metab) 2007;293:E1630–E1635.
82 Zhang L, Ji QH, Ruge F, Lane C, Morris D, Tee AR, Dayan CM, Ludgate M: Reversal of pathological features of Graves’ Orbitopathy by activation of Forkhead transcription factors, FOXOs. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016;101:114–122.
83 Paridaens D, van den Bosch WA, van der Loos TL, Krenning EP, van Hagen PM: The effect of etanercept on Graves’ ophthalmopathy: a pilot study. Eye 2005;19:1286–1289.
84 Cawood TJ, Moriarty P, O’Farrelly C, O’Shea D: Smoking and thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy: a novel explanation of the biological link. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92:59–64.
85 Pérez-Moreiras JV, Alvarez-López A, Gómez EC: Treatment of active corticosteroid-resistant Graves’ orbitopathy. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 2014;30:162–167.
86 Stan MN, Salvi M: Management of endocrine disease: rituximab therapy for Graves’ orbitopathy – lessons from randomized control trials. Eur J Endocrinol 2017;176:R101–R109.
87 Campi I, Tosi D, Rossi S, Vannucchi G, Covelli D, Colombo F, Trombetta E, Porretti L, Vicentini L, Cantoni G, Currò N, Beck-Peccoz P, Bulfamante G, Salvi M: B cell activating factor (BAFF) and BAFF receptor expression in autoimmune and nonautoimmune thyroid diseases. Thyroid 2015;25:1043–1049.
88 Vannucchi G, Covelli D, Currò N, Dazzi D, Maffini A, Campi I, Bonara P, Guastella C, Pignataro L, Ratiglia R, Beck-Peccoz P, Salvi M: Serum BAFF concentrations in patients with Graves’ disease and orbitopathy before and after immunosuppressive therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012;97:E755–E759.
89 Neumann S, Place RF, Krieger CC, Gershengorn MC: Future prospects for treatment of Graves hyperthyroidism and eye disease. Horm Metab Res 2015;47:789–796.
Prof. Marian Ludgate
Division of Infection and Immunity
School of Medicine, Cardiff University
Cardiff CF14 4XN (UK)
E-Mail ludgate@cardiff.ac.uk