Читать книгу Tuberculosis and War - Группа авторов - Страница 46

Infection with M. tuberculosis is in the overwhelming majority of cases acquired through the inhalation of bacilli-containing droplet nuclei. The risk of infection following TB exposure is primarily governed by exogenous factors that are determined by an intrinsic combination of the infectiousness of the source case, duration of exposure to tubercle bacilli-containing ambient air and, as mentioned below, social and behavioral risk factors including living hygiene, and possibly smoking, alcohol, and indoor air pollution [7]. In settings with increased likelihood of social mixing (together with overcrowding), transmission will be high. Conditions that prolong the length of exposure to an infectious patient include health system-related factors such as delay in diagnosis or faulty treatment.