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A recent publication reported on the global epidemiology of dental caries [30]. The paper was based on a systematic review of systematic reviews on the prevalence and incidence of dental caries. As only one systematic review was retrieved covering 1990–2010, and this review had limited background variables [31], the WHO Data Bank at Malmö University Dental School [32] was used to obtain more detailed information. The Data Bank contains dental caries-related data, covers several decades of studies, and is periodically updated. The country dental caries prevalence and the dmf/DMF and d/D-component data from the recommended WHO age groups were used as outcome measures for the period from 2000 to 2016. These data were related to the countries’ gross national income [33], developed by the World Bank, according to high-, upper-middle-, lower-middle-, and low-income countries.

Fig. 1. Maximum CAST score per subject and type of dentition based on hypothetical results. Modified from Leal et al. [57].

Fig. 2. Severity of dental caries based on the maximum CAST score per subject. Modified from Leal et al. [57].

The publication also reported trend studies that had covered a period of at least 20 years, from 1999 to 2016. The caries assessment criterion developed by the WHO (1971) was used most frequently.