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1.3 Human Exposure Pathways 1.3.1 Occupational Exposure

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Toxic contaminants in serpentinitic geological systems may occur in various environmental compartments, including soils, wild plants, crops, and animals. Once in these environmental compartments, toxic contaminants may enter the human body via occupational and non-occupational exposure [4]. Occupational exposure to toxic contaminants may occur via inhalation in industrial production systems [36]. Typical industries promoting occupation exposure are: (1) mining and mineral processing, including quarries; (2) production of frictional materials such as brake pads, textiles, gas masks, cement, and asbestos; (3) agriculture; (4) construction; and (5) sculpturing, engraving, and carving [4, 37, 38]. Occupational exposure to chrysotile asbestos has been linked to human health risks such as kidney and ovarian cancers, respiratory diseases, and mesothelioma [38].

Geochemistry

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