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1.4.2.4 Overview of Mitigation Interventions

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Several mitigation measures have been highlighted for safeguarding human health in serpentinitic geological environments [4]. These include (1) proper land use planning to avoid human settlement in hotspot areas, (2) the use of appropriate barriers and safety procedures (e.g., special respirators) to isolate humans from occupational exposure to toxic contaminants, (3) soil conservation practices and use of soil amendments such as biochar to reduce erosion, mobility, and dissemination of toxic contaminants [82, 83]; (4) restoration and stabilization of post-mining landscapes to reduce emissions of toxic contaminants [84], (5) the application of low-cost methods for the removal of toxic contaminants in drinking water sources such as biochar-based filters [85], and (6) in the case of chrysotile asbestos, the development and use of alternative substitutes which are non-toxic in order to ultimately stop the mining, processing, and application of chrysotile [4, 36]. In most cases, depending on the severity of the human exposure and health risks, a combination of several interventions may be required to safeguard human health.

Geochemistry

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