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Using decade‐wise average rainfall annual data of 116 years of data (1901–2019), no significant trend was observed for annual rainfall on a national basis (Figure 1.2). However, a decreasing trend in annual rainfall was observed across India since the year 2000. This data set is based on more than 2000 rain gauge data spread over the country.

Climate change has affected the rainfall pattern of India in the form of fewer rainy days, but more extreme rainfall events. This is resulting in an increased amount of rainfall in each event, leading to significant flooding. Most of the global models suggest that Indian summer monsoons will intensify. The timing of seasonal variation may also shift, causing a drying during the late summer growing season. There has been a significant change in precipitation and temperature pattern in India from 2000 to 2015. This could indicate a signature of climate change in India (Goyal and Surampalli 2018).