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Groundwater resources are affected due to an inadequate amount of water percolating down to aquifers due to reduced rainfall. The increased atmospheric temperature also increases the rate of evapotranspiration, which leads to a reduction in the actual amount of groundwater available for human use. India extracts 1000 km³ of groundwater annually, which is 25% of groundwater at a global level (Mukherji 2019).

Climate change affects Indian water resources through warming of the atmosphere, alterations in the hydrologic cycle, melting of glaciers, rising sea levels, and changes in precipitation patterns (amount, timing, and intensity). The alteration of monsoon patterns decreases rainy days but increases the amount of rainfall. Himalayan glaciers are receding faster than any other part of the world. Further, the combined impacts of changes in precipitation patterns, glaciers melting, and sea‐level rise has caused flood‐like situations in different parts of the country. One noticeable thing, if the conditions continue, glaciers will melt quicker and no glaciers will be left to supply water for the entire year, then rivers like Brahmaputra and Ganges will become seasonal rivers.