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An Electroencephalogram is basically a reading of brain’s electric voltage fluctuations as read on scalp electrodes. It is the approximate cumulative electrical activity of neurons. This process is one of the best non-penetrative interfaces because of its temporal resolution. But it has hindrances like susceptibility to noise which is a very prominent barrier to implementing EEG devices as BCI solutions. It requires extensive training for users and models to provide substantial results in a consistent manner.

As for example, Niels Birbaumer from University of Tubingen had brought paralyzed patients in mid-1990s for training them to control the slow cortical potentials to be utilized in order for them to control a computer’s cursor by binary signaling. They were slow, as in they required 1 h to write 100 characters and training them took several months but it appeared as a breakthrough possibility.