Читать книгу The Esophagus - Группа авторов - Страница 116

Motor function of muscles involved with the oropharyngeal stages is mediated by several cranial nerves (trigeminal, facial, hypoglossal, and vagus) [6]. Innervation of neck muscles through C1–C3 participates in a facilitative role. The striated muscle esophagus receives motor innervation from the nucleus ambiguus portion of the vagus nerve, although some control rests in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMNV) in species with a smooth muscle esophagus, perhaps to inhibit the esophageal motor neurons. There is rostral to caudal myotopic organization within the nucleus ambiguus to coordinate output to the various striated muscles along the swallowing pathway [27–31]. The smooth muscle esophagus receives motor input from the DMNV, although a small number of fibers may arise in the nucleus ambiguus [32]. Specific locations exist within the DMNV for motor output to the esophageal body and LES, and for function of the LES, with excitation to the LES positioned distally and inhibition positioned rostrally [32–34].