Читать книгу The Esophagus - Группа авторов - Страница 121

Elevation and anterior movement of the larynx and tongue shorten the pharynx [77] through several muscles acting on the hyoid bone, thyroid cartilage, and tongue (see Figure 5.3). A larger bolus is associated with a longer period of laryngeal elevation. The epiglottis is pulled downward while the arytenoid cartilages tilt forward to close entry to the laryngeal vestibule. The false and true vocal cords approximate, closing entry to the trachea. Repositioning of the larynx and opening of the laryngeal vestibule occur after UES closure and aftercontraction, which follows laryngeal contraction. Respiration temporarily ceases during swallowing, most often during expiration, starting immediately prior to a swallow, and lasting 1 1.5 s [54, 62].