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Complications

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Persistent urinary extravasation can lead to urinoma and perinephric abscesses. These can be managed using maximal drainage with the placement of an internal ureteral stent and percutaneous drainage of the abscess or urinoma. Stents are usually left for six weeks with at least seven days of Foley catheter drainage to prevent reflux of urine during voiding [45].

Delayed renal bleeding can occur in up to 23.5% of patients who undergo NOM [46]. This usually occurs within the first seven days after injury and the majority of these cases can be managed by angiography with embolization. Renin‐mediated hypertension (Page kidney) from chronic ischemia or compressive hematoma is rare.

A Clinical Guide to Urologic Emergencies

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