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1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 Emerging research field for selenium removal technologies publish...Figure 1.2 Selenium research publication trends.Figure 1.3 Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning mech...Figure 1.4 Representative most influential publications for selenium removal...Figure 1.5 Upper panel: word dynamics for India. Lower panel: word dynamics ...

2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 E‐pH diagram of selenium in soils

3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 Global refinery production for 2018 and 2019 (USGS 2020).Figure 3.2 Global consumption of Se (USGS 2020).

4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 (a and b) Symptoms of selenosis in pigs (unthriftiness (a) and se...Figure 4.2 (a) The liver section of poultry birds that had ingested selenium...Figure 4.3 (a) Alopecia; (b) pad lesions; (c) sternal position; (d) hypertro...

5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Schematic representation of selenium cycle in the environment.Figure 5.2 Beneficial effect of selenium in humans.Figure 5.3 Classification based on Se accumulation.Figure 5.4 Beneficial effect of Se in plants.

6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 Major selenium source discharges, biomagnification, and environme...Figure 6.2 Schematic diagram of advanced analytical practices available to s...Figure 6.3 Series of selenium concentrations in different aquatic mining eff...Figure 6.4 Different methods for elimination of selenium from contaminated w...Figure 6.5 Schematic diagram displaying process outlines and addition techno...

7 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 Sources of selenium pollution in aquatic systems.Figure 7.2 Schematic illustration of the working principle of a voltammetric...Figure 7.3 Effect of various sensing factors at 50 ppb selenium (IV) concent...Figure 7.4 Electrochemical response of bare GCE and GCE‐in 5 mM [Fe(CN)₆]^3−/...

8 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 (a) International scenario of selenium toxicity (Lemly 2004) and ...Figure 8.2 Health effects of selenium toxicity based on concentration.Figure 8.3 UV/Vis Spectral and color change due to change in morphology of s...Figure 8.4 (a) Change in PL spectra of CQDs with respect to increasing selen...

9 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 Classification of biosensors on the basis of recognition/biologic...

10 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 Schematic description of different forms of selenium.Figure 10.2 Graphical illustration of different techniques available for the...Figure 10.3 Osmotic pressure in a reverse osmosis (RO) system.Figure 10.4 (a) Percentage Se removal and adsorption capacity (mg/g) with be...Figure 10.5 (a) Conversion of Se (VI) as a function of time over different t...Figure 10.6 (a) Graphical illustration of electrochemical removal of selenat...

11 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 Selenium cycle in the environment.Figure 11.2 (a) Adsorption of Se(IV), selenite ions with co‐existing competi...Figure 11.3 Effect of competing ions on Se(IV) adsorption (a) V(V), vanadium...Figure 11.4 Response surface method (RSM) analysis concerning Se(VI) abateme...Figure 11.5 Abatement of different contaminants including Se from FGD using ...

12 Chapter 12Figure 12.1 Simplified representation of the biochemical cycle of selenium a...Figure 12.2 Schematic representation of Se uptake by algal cells and their m...Figure 12.3 Selenium uptake, accumulation, translocation, assimilation, and ...

13 Chapter 14Figure 14.1 Natural and anthropogenic sources of selenium in soil.Figure 14.2 Speciation and mobility of selenium in the environment.Figure 14.3 Eh‐pH diagram for selenium and main speciation found under varyi...Figure 14.4 Varieties of phytoremediation possible for soil metal contaminan...

14 Chapter 15Figure 15.1 Schematic view of a hybrid electrocoagulation/microfiltration (M...Figure 15.2 The structure of a TFC FO membrane made of polyethersulfone (as ...Figure 15.3 Schematic view of the Na‐CQD modified TFN membrane.

15 Chapter 16Figure 16.1 Major sources of selenium.Figure 16.2 Forms of selenium.Figure 16.3 Major applications of selenium.Figure 16.4 Major sources of selenium wastewater.Figure 16.5 Glimpses of defining process intensification.Figure 16.6 Classification of process intensification.Figure 16.7 Various methods for treatment of selenium wastewater.

16 Chapter 17Figure 17.1 Flowchart showing mechanism of selenium toxicity.Figure 17.2 Map showing distribution of Seleniferous soil in India.Figure 17.3 Map showing selenium‐polluted districts in India with their sour...Figure 17.4 Map of potential vulnerable areas to selenium pollution based on...