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Based on practical experience^7,43 and the empirical evidence summarised in Section 2.5,^47,63 any decision about undertaking an IPD meta‐analysis project should be based on the nature of the specific research question (Section 2.6.1), the completeness and uniformity of the available aggregate data (Section 2.6.2), the information size (Section 2.6.3), and the data and analyses required to address the research question reliably (Section 2.6.4). A checklist of questions to aid in this decision‐making is provided in Table 2.2, and is explained in more detail in the following subsections. The focus is on the evaluation of treatment effects from randomised trials. If the answer to one or more of the questions is “yes”, then an IPD project is likely to add considerable value compared to a conventional systematic review and meta‐analysis of aggregate data.