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Porphyran shows antioxidant, antitumor, immunostimulant, anticoagulant, anti-fatigue, anti-cancer, and anti-microbial activities; it also improves intestinal flora, antibacterial [187]. It is effective against 2,4,6-trinitrochlorobenzene induced contact hypersensitivity by suppressing IgE and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). It also shows inhibitory activity against hyaluronidase, responsible for histamine release from mast cells [188]. Porphyran has immunostimulating activity, raising primary antibody response (IgM) and stimulating macrophages. It can prevent hyperlipidaemia through inhibition of lipid synthesis and decreased apolipoprotein secretion in vivo. This also induces dose-dependent cell death in carcinomas while not detrimental to normal cells [188]. The proliferation of colony and gastric cancer cells was prevented in vitro by pure and crude porphyry extracts [189]. This also decreases phosphorylation in cells of gastric cancer insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR) [190]. It also prevents the invasion of Helicobacter pylori; hence, it can be used to prevent or treat gastritis, ulcers and pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, possible mechanisms may be associated with free radical scavenging, increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and blood anti-lipid peroxide activities in blood [191].