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Noise can be an underappreciated stressor for fish and invertebrates in human care, affecting health, growth, and reproductive success (Anderson et al. 2011). Hearing sensitivities vary widely, but tend to be in the lower frequency range, particularly for vibrations intercepted by the lateral line system. Noise and vibrations can be generated from many areas, but common sources are pumps and water running through pipes that come in contact with the sides of the aquarium. Abrupt noises can be an intense source of distress since they are stochastic and unpredictable. Examples include nearby construction or someone tapping the sides of the aquarium. Construction noises from other areas (even across a street) can find their way into a system through acoustical conduits. Animals should be monitored for startle reflexes or repetitive swimming behavior; behaviors such as these should trigger an analysis of the situation. Large aquariums or culture facilities might consider investing in hydrophone monitoring equipment.

Figure A3.16 Heat exchanger.

Source: Image courtesy of Catherine Hadfield, Seattle Aquarium.

There are many ways to minimize noise and vibration. Pumps may be mounted on rubber bushings (Figure A3.17). Pipes resting against systems can be lifted using neoprene or closed‐cell foam to limit sound transfer. Background natural sounds can be used to mask unexpected noises.