Читать книгу Functionalized Nanomaterials for Catalytic Application - Группа авторов - Страница 18

Hetero Photo-Fenton (H-PF), an interface between Fenton and photocatalysis, assisted by photon from solar or visible has powerful synergistic properties. PF utilizes the e⁻’s got from the reaction Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺ through oxidation to aid and activate e⁻ transfer to ^·OH from H₂O₂ in the entire redox process. The scavenging radicals contribute to practical utilization in a big factor for protecting water bodies.

Fe_ox NPs/D3 (diamond NP) that worked well as a H-PF catalyst was effective in degrading and decomposing phenol and H₂O₂, respectively, under an ambient condition. Later, was proved to be a better alternative when in comparison with its analogous as per reports of Espinosa, J.C. et al., where phenol acts as h⁺ quencher and diamond NP as surface releaser of ^·OH favors the optimized reaction [83]. Upgraded new water treatment competencies are scaling up in saving the water resources. For instance, a low-cost valuable functionalized M (magnetite)/PEG/[(FeO (Iron III oxlate)/FeC (Iron III citrate)] showed high catalyst action for a quick disposal and degradation of BPA. Later, the evidenced PF catalyst when on exposing the chosen probe with UV-A light/H₂O₂, had a hierarchical degradation as (M/PEG/FeO) (15 min) > (M/PEG/FeC) > (M/PEG) [84]. In one of their work, a comparative study of MB degrading effect by the synthesized supports of Ni foam (NiF) and Ceramic foam (CM) was done by the authors, whose reports infer that the order of decomposing capacities were: (NiF/TiO₂) > (CM/TiO₂) > (NiF/Bi₂ WO₆) > (CM/Bi₂WO₆). In the same manner, decomposition of Rh B was studied using NF/TiO₂ for PF reactions [85].

In a different situation, reporters Bui, V.K.H. et al., revealed that Mg-AC (Mg amino-clay) with its versatility and unique characteristic, along with other 2D resources, have fascinated researchers [86]. Hence, Mg-AC finds its place and with a commendable performance in various fields especially in water resources. The resourceful material MgAC-Fe₃O₄/TiO₂ works best for PF catalytic decomposition of MB (93%) (20 min), where ^·OH and ^·O²⁻ formed are promoters for the redox-reaction. Cost-effective and potential approach with Fe-HPAN (carboxyl) functionalized beads developed by researchers was exposed for an effective PF catalytic reaction. Their results showed a better degrading capacity of 99.78% for TOC and 91.68% for p-nitrophenol removal and profitable reutilization was supported by the mesopores present in the FNM [87].

Rice-shaped starch functionalized iron (III)-oxyhydroxide got by green methods using akageneite/goethite had an improved HF and PF catalytic properties obeyed a pseudo-0-order kinetics. FNM was effective in decomposing the OP p-nitrophenol and MO into CO₂ + H₂O to protect the water bodies [88]. In a similar trial, sulfate-functionalized S-Fe₂O₃/TiO₂ NT prepared by solvothermal/impregnation process was proven to be a good candidate for PF catalytic run to discharge the color of X-3B by adopting pseudo-1^st-order kinetics. Notable degradation was observed at pH (4.0) with X-3B (95.7%) lost. Reusability was for four cycles, where ^·OH | ^·OOH played their role for degrading the pollutant [89]. Similarly, reporters Banić, N. et al. inferred that Fe/TiO₂ (TiO₂ as host) as PF catalyst could effectively degrade the pesticide thiacloprid by UV irradiation, which was successful for three trial runs [90]. Other significant exposures to preserve the water system using PF and photo-Fenton–like (pF) have been detailed in the segments to come in Table 1.2.

Table 1.2 Photo-Fenton (PF)/Photo-Fenton–like (pF) catalyst as FNMs.

FNMs as catalyst | Year	Process	Irradiation Source |	Parametric expressions	Solution evolved (% degradation) | Reusable cycles	Remarks	Ref.
TiO2/Schwertmannite | PF | 2019	Solvent-free milling	Sunlight	pH (4) | 60 min.	Rh B (100%) | 4	TiO2 → Sh + e− H2O2 + e− → ·OH	[91]
TiO2/Fe2TiO5/Fe2O3 | PF | 2017	Ion-exchange	Visible light > 420 nm	pH (4.0/7.0) | 120 min | 60 min	MO (100%) | Phenol (100%) | 10	OP+ ·OH → CO2 + H2O	[92]
A-TiO2/R-TiO2/α-Fe2O3 | PF | 2020	Aerosol spray	UV - 365 nm	pH (8) | 5–30 min	MB | TOC | 5	O2/·O2− | low dose H2O2	[93]
TiO2-GO-Fe3O4 | PF | 2019	Ultrasonic	Visible light	pH (3) | 120 min	Amoxicillin (90%) | 4	Fe3+ → Fe2+ + e−	[94]
FeNx/g-C3N4 | PF | 2019	Ball milling	Visible light	pH (neutral) |	MB |MO |Rh B |Phenol | (variable %) | 4	H2O2 + e− → 2 ·OH	[95]
0D Fe2O3 QDs/2D g-C3N4 | PF | 2020	Thermal polymerization	Visible light	pH (3–7) | 20 min	4-NP (90%) | 5	Fe3+ → Fe2+ + e− OH+H ·2O2→·OOH+H2O	[96]
α-Fe2O3/g-C3N4 | PF | 2020	Hydrothermal	Solar light	pH (neutral) | 90 min	Rh B (96%) | 5	Binding Energy (284.8 eV) ·O2−/h+. Fe3+ → Fe2+ + e−	[97]
Zn0.94 Fe0.04S/g-C3N4 | PF | 2020	Microwave| Hydrothermal	Solar light	pH (6.1) | 60 min	4-NP (96%) |TOC (55.4%) | 5	CB favors e− transfer Fe3+ → Fe2+ + e−	[98]
Cu-FeOOH/CNNS(g-C3N4) | PF | 2018	Simple thermal	Solar light	pH (4.8-10.1) | 40 min | pH (low)	MB | Rh B | MO | CR | 4-NP | TC | ~90% (OP) | 10	H2O2 + e− → 2 ·OH · O2− | ·OH (Scavengers) | pH (low) efficient	[99]
(Fe-CS/MMTNS | PF | 2020	Sol gel (3 Step)	Visible light	pH (3,6,10) | 2 h	MB (55.81%) | 5	·OOH | ·O2− | activators | n → π*| π → π* - transition	[100]
Fe0)/MnOx/BiVO4 | PF | 2019	Hydrothermal | Photo-deposition	Visible light	pH (acidic) | 30 min	2,4-di-CP (95.4%) | BPA (91.4%) | 4	Rate of reaction ·OH > h+ > ·O2− | bandgap (2.10 eV)	[101]
GO/MIL-88A(Fe) | PF | (2020)	Vacuum-filtration	Visible light	- | 40 min	MB (98.81%) | BPA (97.27%) |12	·OH > ·O2− >>h+ | Major part in degradation	[102]
Fe-POM/CNNS- Nvac | PF | 2020	Self-assembly	Visible light < 420 nm	- | 18 min	TCH | ATZ | ALA |MO | 4-CP | (~96.5%) | 4	Contributors h + | 1O2 |·OH | ·O2− |	[103]
QDs-Fe/G | NRs-Fe/G | NSs-Fe/G | PF | 2015	GMSA	Visible light	pH (neutral) | 30 min	Phenol | RhB | -	Novel green synthesis | Scavenger - ·OH	[104]
3D FeO (OH)-rGA | PF | 2018	Facile method-Hummer’s	Visible light	pH (neutral) | 6 h	4-CP | 2,4,6-triCP | BPA | (80%) | 10	Activation of (·OH) | π-π interaction	[105]
CQDs/α-FeOOH | PF |2020	Hydrolysis	Visible light < 420 nm	pH < 7 | 60 min	TC (90%) | 5	Activation of (·OH) | π → π* - transition	[106]
Fe3O4 (MPs)/(HA) Humic acid | pF | 2020	Co-precipitation	Sunlight	pH (<4) | 60 min	CBZ | IBP |BPA| 5-TBA | 4-CP |	Fe3+ → Fe2+ + e− urban wastewater used	[107]
Fe3O4@void@TiO2 | pF | 2017	Sol-gel	UV light	pH (3) | variable	TC (100%) | 5	Fe3+ → Fe2+ + e−	[108]
FeCu@Fe 2O3-g-C3N4 | pF | 2020	Calcination	Visible light	pH (3–11) | 6 h	Aniline (80%) | 4	Degrading efficiency is high for FeCu-CN |	[109]
Fe3O4@MIL-100w | pF | 2015	Solvothermal	Visible light	pH (3–6.5) | 120 min	MB (~99%) | 20	Activation of (·OH)	[110]