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1 1 For the Greeks as unique and seminal, see Chapter 4 in this volume. A critique of sundry views that Greece is the point of origin for later historical phenomena: Goody 2008, 26–67.

2 2 E.g. Liv. 29.1.1–11, 36.11.3–4. A contrast with Romans: 34.3.3–6. The next step in the argument: service in the Greek East renders Romans “lax,” as in Wheeler 1996.

3 3 Thirty-one chapters vs. 25 in the Oxford Handbook edited by B. Campbell and L. Tritle, and vs. 9 and parts of 6 others in the Cambridge History edited by P. Sabin, H. van Wees, and M. Whitby. In addition, chs. 2–5 of the former, and 1–3 of the latter, cover ancient military history in general, rather than Greece alone. Both devote more space to Rome than to Greece, granting that the Cambridge History does so in the course of two volumes.

4 4 See Wheeler 2011; for a similar view, but restricted to the Archaic Period, see Chapter 6 in this volume. Like other disputes in Classics, this one has roots in the ancient Greek sources, such as the account given by Herodotus 1.1–4 of the origin of the Persian Wars, and the account given by Thucydides of the origin of the Peloponnesian War, esp. 1.4–5.

5 5 For Greece as the first “slave society,” as opposed to ancient societies with an economically secondary slave populations, see Finley 1980, ch. 3. Perhaps the best known of the scholars agreeing with Finley: Patterson 1982, App. 3, omitting slavery in the ancient Near East, including the Old Testament. Finley himself may be described as an ex-Marxist, or, as Ernst Badian once said to F. S. Naiden, “an anti-anti-Marxist.” See both Naiden 2014 and Shaw 2014, along with Naiden 2017b. The Stalinist view of Greek slavery assimilated it to diverse Near Eastern systems of servitude.

6 6 Rüstow and Köchly 1852; Bauer 1893; Delbrück 1900; Kromayer and Veith 1928. Pritchett 1971–1991, at vols. 1 and 2 (1971, 1974), is wider ranging, but unsystematic; it does mark the first attempt to include topics outside the ambit of military equipment, operations, and organization.

7 7 Th. 7.78.2. “City on the move”: Rostovtzeff 1941, 1.146.