Читать книгу A Companion to the Achaemenid Persian Empire, 2 Volume Set - Группа авторов - Страница 140

The largest cemeteries excavated thus far are in Deve Hüyük, Nayrab, al‐Mina, Tell Sukas, Kamid el‐Loz, Sarafand, Ahziv, Atlit, Dor, Tell es‐Saidiya, Tell el‐Mazar, Tel Michal/Makhmish, Gezer, Lakhish, Tell el‐Hesi, and Tell el‐Farah South. Their for the most part simple earth burials were sometimes faced or covered with stones or stone slabs. More elaborated are rock‐cut or cist graves built out of stone walls and covered by stone (Ras‐Shamra, Amrit, Gezer and Lakhish, Tell el‐Farah South). They could contain a simple stone (Nayrab, al‐Mina, Ras‐Shamra) or clay coffin (Til Barsip, Shekhem, Tell el‐Mazar, Tell Jemmeh). Rock‐cut shaft tombs with one or more chambers (Ras‐Shamra, Amrit, Sidon, Tyre, Akhziv, Atlit, Dor, Ashkelon, Gaza), in which anthropoid sarcophagi could be deposited (see below), are scattered along the coast. Monuments are rare. In Amrit, the two so‐called “maghazil” A and B (spindle in Arabic) are towers on a base adorned with lions and situated above hypogea.

The deceased were lying, without particular distribution between men, women, and children, either on their back, or outstretched on their sides or in a crouched position. Their heads were often oriented to the east. Most of the burial offerings were ceramic vessels. Bronze objects, such as bowls, dippers, strainers, jugs, sticks, pins, tweezers, or mirrors and weapons were signs of wealth (Deve Hüyük, Tell Ahmar, Atlit, Shekhem, Gezer, Tell el‐Farah South). The bronze joints of a couch and a stool in Tell el‐Farah South are exceptional. All the deceased were adorned with jewelry, women with necklaces, earrings and pins; men and women with bangles for arms or legs, finger rings and fibula. A rich burial would contain seals, coins (numerous in Kamid el‐Loz), bronze implements, and weapons. Of particular interest are the 970 dog burials in Ashkelon.