Читать книгу A Companion to the Achaemenid Persian Empire, 2 Volume Set - Группа авторов - Страница 156

Several rock‐cut tombs in Paphlagonia, some decorated with reliefs, present a variety of types (von Gall 1966; Summerer and von Kienlin 2010). Their precise dating is difficult. Based on similarities to Achaemenid types, the bulls, lions, and winged creatures on the reliefs, as well as animal protomes used as column capitals, the tombs with temple‐like façades at Kalekapı in the province of Kastamonu, and Direklikaya near Salarköy/Boyabat probably date from the Achaemenid period if not early Hellenistic with prolonged Achaemenid characteristics. Notable also are a few finds from Oluz Höyük, a settlement mound near Amasya; e.g. pottery bowls with offset carinated rims and Achaemenid period seals (Dönmez 2015, figs. 15–16, 28). Currently, several regional surveys have been mapping out the settlement and land use in this long‐neglected area, one specifically focusing on the Achaemenid period (Johnson 2010).

Gordion, the former capital city of Phrygia, has been noted by its excavators as a dynamic settlement during the Achaemenid period even though it lost its famed political position. Its location on the juncture of major routes in the east–west direction played a significant role in maintaining the city's vibrant life. The arrival of the Achaemenids was documented archeologically by the destruction of the Küçükhöyük fortress. The megaron plan, typical of the Phrygian period, was in use during the Achaemenid period. The production of goods, bone, stone, ivory, and metal artifacts fed the prosperity, well displayed by the Painted House in architecture and its wall paintings, seals, fine pottery, transport amphorai of import wine, and the use of molded glass vessels in daily use among portable items (Voigt and Young 1999; Jones 2005: p. 116; Dusinberre 2005: pp. 24–27, 51–73).

In the Phrygian highland, the architectural remains at Midas City point to the presence of a prosperous town (Haspels 1971: pp. 139–146). The tumbled fragments of the monumental reliefs of a rock‐cut tomb, Yılan Taş at Köhnüş valley, impressively show the visual aspects of intricate military identities of the elite during the Achaemenid period (Draycott 2010: pp. 17–19; Haspels 1971: pp. 129–137; Akurgal 1961: p. 306, Figure 19).

The preliminary reports of a recently launched project at Ovaören‐Yassıhöyük reveal the presence of a significant settlement in Cappadocia (S¸enyurt 2014: pp. 101, 106).